سنجش غلظت فلزات سنگین در بافت‌های ماهی کفال طلایی (Liza aurata) در مناطق مختلف سواحل جنوبی دریای خزر

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست دریا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد تنکابن، تنکابن، ایران

2 باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، واحد تنکابن، تنکابن، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: آلودگی به فلزات سنگین در آب‌ها از جدی‌ترین مسائل زیست‌محیطی در سطح جهان است. دریای خزر بزرگترین دریاچه جهان، در معرض آلاینده‌های صنعتی، کشاورزی و نفتی قرار گرفته است. از آنجاکه ماهیان بخش بزرگی از رژیم غذایی انسان را تشکیل می‌دهند، این فلزات سنگین می‌توانند از طریق تغذیه از ماهیان آلوده وارد بدن انسان شوند. هدف از انجام این پژوهش، بررسی میزان تجمع پنج فلز سنگین و سمی سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه، آرسنیک و کروم در بافت‌های خوراکی (عضله) و غیر‌خوراکی (کبد و آبشش) ماهی کفال طلایی در فصول و مناطق مختلف حوضه جنوبی دریای خزر بود. همچنین تفاوت درصد این ترکیبات با مقادیر سازمان بهداشت جهانی و بهداشت ملی استرالیا و شورای تحقیقات پزشکی مقایسه شد.مواد و روش‌ها: به همین منظور نمونه‌های ماهی کفال طلایی بالغ، از 10 ایستگاه‌ (شامل آستارا، تالش، انزلی، رودسر، تنکابن، نوشهر، فریدون‌کنار، بهشهر، بندر‌ ترکمن و خواجه‌نفس) از مناطق مختلف نوار ساحلی نزدیک مکان‌های ورود پساب‌های شهری، کشاورزی و صنعتی و همچنین در کنار اسکله‌ها و صیدگاه‌های ماهی تهیه شد. پس از زیست‌سنجی، استخراج فلزات از بافت‌های مورد نظر به روش هضم با استفاده از مخلوط اسید و تعیین غلظت به‌ وسیله دستگاه جذب اتمی مجهز به سیستم کوره گرافیتی انجام شد.نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد میزان تجمع فلزات بین سه بافت معنی‌دار و به صورت کبد> آبشش > عضله بود. فلزات سنگین اندام هدف خود را بر اساس میزان فعالیت متابولیک آن اندام انتخاب می‌کنند و بافت عضله فعالیت متابولیک کمتری نسبت به آبشش و کبد دارد. بافت کبد تمایل به انباشتگی فلزات سنگین در مقادیر بالا را دارد. بالا بودن غلظت فلزات در بافت آبشش اولین نشان آلودگی در آب است؛  و اختلاط عناصر با مخاط آبشش، جابجایی کامل عناصر از لاملای آبشش (lamellae) را هنگام آماده سازی بافت برای آزمایش غیر‌ممکن می‌کند. همچنین عضله مکان اولیه ذخیره فلزات نیست، فلزات سنگین ابتدا در کبد ذخیره  و سپس به عضله منتقل می‌شوند. میزان تجمع فلزات به صورت سرب> کادمیوم> کروم> جیوه> آرسنیک بود. میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین بین ایستگاه‌های پژوهشی، در بافت عضله متفاوت و معنی‌دار بود. علت آن را می‌توان تفاوت در منابع آلاینده در مناطق نمونه‌برداری دانست. به‌طور کلی میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین در ماهیان کفال از سواحل جنوب غربی به سمت جنوب شرقی افزایش داشت. بر اساس آزمون پیرسون در شاخص وزن ماهی با میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم و آرسنیک، رابطه رگرسیون خطی معکوس وجود داشت. هیچ ارتباط معنی‌داری بین میزان تجمع فلزات با طول کل به جز فلز آرسنیک، وجود نداشت. همچنین به جز فلز سنگین کروم، بین میزان تجمع فلزات سنگین سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و آرسنیک در بافت‌های ماهی، رابطه رگرسیون مثبت معنی‌دار تعیین شد (01/0>p).نتیجه‌گیری: مقایسه تجمع فلزات سنگین در بافت عضله با حد مجاز استانداردهای جهانی (WHO/NHMRC) جز آرسنیک، سایر فلزات سرب، کادمیوم، جیوه و کروم بالاتر از حد مجاز اعلام شده بود. حداقل میزان جذب و تجمع این فلزات در عضله ماهی کفال یعنی عضو خوراکی در تغذیه مردم  است. از آنجاکه تجمع فلزات سنگین مورد بررسی بالاتر از حد مجاز استاندارد جهانی است، نشان‌دهنده افزایش آلودگی آب دریای خزر و به دنبال آن آبزیان نسبت به عناصر فوق است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of golden gray mullet (Liza aurata) in different areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehrnoush Norouzi 1
  • Mostafa Bagheri Tavani 2
  • Ameneh Amirjanati 2
  • Shaghayegh Ghodrati 2
1 Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon
2 Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Heavy metal pollution of water is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world and the Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world, is exposed to high levels of industrial, agricultural and oil pollutants. Fish species are the ultimate consumer in the food pyramid in aquatic ecosystems. Since the fish form a large part of the human diet, heavy metals enter the human body through contaminated fish. This study was conducted to measure the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chrome in the edible tissues (muscle) and non-edible tissue (liver and gill) of the gray mullet, Liza aurata and its seasons and living environment in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. and also to compare their amounts with World Health Organization, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Food and Drug Administration standards. Materials and methods: A total of 100 adult golden gray mullet were caught from 10 sites (Including Astara, Talesh, Anzali, Rudsar, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Fereydunkenar, Behshahr, Bandar-e Torkaman and Hojanepes) in various coastal areas near inflows of urban, agricultural and industrial waste water and along the waterfront and fishing areas. After biometry, metals were extracted from the tissue using a mixture of acid digestion and determination was conducted by graphite furnace atomic absorption system. Results and discussion: The results showed that the metal accumulation in tissue was different and significant, the concentration of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. Heavy metals choose their target organ based on its metabolic activity and this explains the reason why more metals accumulate in tissues such as the liver and gills compared to muscle tissue (with low metabolic activity). Liver tissue tends to be high in accumulation of heavy metals. The high concentration of metals in the context of the gills, is the first sign of contamination in the water. Mixing elements with gill mucus, full transposition of the lamella gill elements when preparing tissue for testing impossible to screw???. Metal concentrations in muscle are lower than those in liver because muscle is not the first storage place for these metals; heavy metals are first stored in the liver and then transferred to the muscle. Metal accumulation was as Pb> Cd> Cr> Hg> As. The study of heavy metals between stations, in muscle tissue was significantly different. This may be due to differences in pollutant sources in sampling areas. The accumulation of heavy metals increases from the southwest to the southeast coast. According to the Pearson test, there was the significant negative linear relationship between the Pb, Cd and As accumulation tissues by weight. Except for arsenic, there was no significant correlation between the metals with any total length. Moreover, there was a positive relationship (p<0.01) between the Pb, cd, Hg and As concentrations, with the exception of Cr. Conclusion: comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the global standard level (WHO /NHMRC) showed that the concentration of the heavy metals Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg was higher than the global standard level, except for As. The least metal absorption and accumulation is in the muscle of mullet that is a source of human nutrition, followed by aquatic to the above elements. Since the concentration of the heavy metals tested above was higher than the global standard, this reflects the increasing water pollution of the Caspian Sea

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Living environment
  • Toxic Heavy Metals
  • Edible and non-Edible Tissues
  • Caspian Sea
  • Liza aurata

مراجع

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  33. مهرنوش نوروزی و همکاران
  34. پاییز ،3 فصلنامه علوم محیطی، دوره چهاردهم، شماره 213
  35. Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of golden gray mullet (Liza aurata) in different areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea
  36. Mehrnoush Norouzi1*, Mostafa Bagheri Tavani2, Ameneh Amirjanati2, Shaghayegh Ghodrati2
  37. Department of Marine Biology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran 2 Young Researchers and Elite Club, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon, Iran
  38. Received: January 18, 2016 Accepted: October 16, 2016
  39. Citation: Norouzi, M., Bagheri Tavani, M. Amir Janati, A. and Ghodrati, SH. 2016. Concentration of heavy metals in tissues of golden gray mullet (Liza aurata) in different areas of the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Environmental Sciences. 14(3), 201-214.
  40. Introduction: Heavy metal pollution of water is one of the most serious environmental problems in the world and the Caspian Sea, the largest lake in the world, is exposed to high levels of industrial, agricultural and oil pollutants. Fish species are the ultimate consumer in the food pyramid in aquatic ecosystems. Since the fish form a large part of the human diet, heavy metals enter the human body through contaminated fish. This study was conducted to measure the concentration of five heavy metals, including lead, cadmium, mercury, arsenic, and chrome in the edible tissues (muscle) and non-edible tissue (liver and gill) of the gray mullet, Liza aurata and its seasons and living environment in the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. and also to compare their amounts with World Health Organization, Australian National Health and Medical Research Council, Food and Drug Administration standards.
  41. Materials and methods: A total of 100 adult golden gray mullet were caught from 10 sites (Including Astara, Talesh, Anzali, Rudsar, Tonekabon, Nowshahr, Fereydunkenar, Behshahr, Bandar-e Torkaman and Hojanepes) in various coastal areas near inflows of urban, agricultural and industrial waste water and along the waterfront and fishing areas. After biometry, metals were extracted from the tissue using a mixture of acid digestion and determination was conducted by graphite furnace atomic absorption system.
  42. Results and discussion: The results showed that the metal accumulation in tissue was different and significant, the concentration of the metals in the three tissues was as follows: liver>gill>muscle. Heavy metals choose their target organ based on its metabolic activity and this explains the reason why more metals accumulate in tissues such as the liver and gills compared to muscle tissue (with low metabolic activity). Liver tissue tends to be high in accumulation of heavy metals. The high concentration of metals in the context of the gills, is the first sign of contamination in the water. Mixing elements with gill mucus, full transposition of the lamella gill elements when preparing tissue for testing impossible to screw???. Metal concentrations in muscle are lower than those in liver because muscle is not the first storage place for these metals; heavy metals are first stored in the liver and then transferred to the muscle. Metal accumulation was as Pb> Cd> Cr> Hg> As. The study of heavy metals between stations, in muscle tissue was significantly different. This may be due to differences in pollutant sources in sampling areas. The accumulation of heavy metals increases from the southwest to the southeast coast. According to the Pearson test, there was the significant negative linear relationship between the Pb, Cd and As accumulation tissues by weight. Except for arsenic, there was no significant correlation between the metals with any total length. Moreover, there was a positive relationship (p<0.01) between the Pb, cd, Hg and As concentrations, with the exception of Cr.
  43. Conclusion: comparison of the data obtained for muscle tissue with the global standard level (WHO /NHMRC) showed that the concentration of the heavy metals Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg was higher than the global standard level, except for As. The least metal absorption and accumulation is in the muscle of mullet that is a source of human nutrition, followed by aquatic to the above elements. Since the concentration of the heavy metals tested above was higher than the global standard, this reflects the increasing water pollution of the Caspian Sea
  44. Keywords: Living environment, Toxic Heavy Metals, Edible and non-Edible Tissues, Caspian Sea, Liza aurata.
فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 14، شماره 3
مهر 1395
صفحه 201-214

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