بررسی و تحلیل تغییرات سالانه، فصلی و ماهانه غلظت اتمسفری دی‌اکسیدکربن در منطقه خاورمیانه با استفاده از داده‌های ماهواره‌های SCIAMACHY، GOSAT و OCO-2

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه برنامه ریزی و طراحی محیط، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

2 پژوهشکده فیزیک، پژوهشگاه دانش‌های بنیادی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: تغییر اقلیم و گرمایش جهانی ناشی از افزا یش غلظت گازهای گلخانه ای، توجه ز یادی را در بخش
های مختلف ملی و بین المللی به این موضوع جلب کرده است. همواره انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای یکی از مسائل مهم
محیط زیستی محسوب شده و نگرانی های زیادی را بوجود آورده است. از زمان انقلاب صنعتی، نیاز به انرژی و
مصرف انواع سوخت های فسیلی باعث افزایش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای گردیده است. مقادیر ورودی و خروجی
دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری بطور طبیعی در تعادل با طبیعت بوده است، اما در چند دهه اخیر بدلیل افزایش
فعالیت های انسا نی و انتشار دی اکسیدکربن، این تعادل برهم خورده و باعث ا یجاد پدیده تغییر اقلیم و گرمایش
جها نی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها: روش های مختلفی برای اندازه گیری دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری وجود دارد، علم سنجش از دور با
پایش مداوم و پوشش جهانی گازهای گلخانه ای، بر محدودیت سایر روش های اندازه گیری زمینی غلبه کرده است.
در منطقه خاورمیانه هیچ گونه ایستگاه زمینی برای پایش گازهای گلخانه ای وجود ندارد لذا در این مطالعه بررسی
غلظت اتمسفری ماهانه، فصلی و سالانه گاز گلخانه ای دی اکسیدکربن با استفاده از داده های ماهواره های SCIAMACHY، GOSAT و OCO-2 در منطقه خاورمیانه با مساحت 7207570 کیلومترمربع است از سال 2003 تا 2020 صورت گرفت.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد که غلظت گاز دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری در ا ین دوره 18 ساله، برای هر سه ماهواره
افزایش قابل توجهی داشته است. علاوه بر تغییرات سالانه، تغییرات فصلی و ماهانه غلظت  دی اکسید کربن اتمسفری
نیز در این مطالعه بررسی شد. کمترین میزان غلظت ا ین گاز گلخانه ای در طول سال در فصل تابستان و در ماه های
اوت و سپتامبر و بیشترین مقدار غلظت دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری در فصل بهار و در ماه های آوریل و می مشاهده
گردید. همچنین نتایج محاسبه اختلاف دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری بین فصول مختلف نشان داد که بیشترین تغییرات بین فصول مختلف، از بهار به تابستان بود است که غلظت این گاز گلخانه ای بطور متوسط شش ppm کاهش یافته است. از طرفی تغییرات این گاز گلخانه ای بین فصول مختلف نشان داد که بیشترین افزایش دی اکسیدکربن اتمسفری نیز از تابستان به پاییز مشاهده شد که مقدار آن حدود ppm 4 ثبت گردیده است.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج این تحقیق نشان می دهد که غلظت اتمسفری گاز دی اکسیدکربن در منطقه خاورمیانه از سال
2003 تا 2020 افزایش یافته است. ا ین افزایش همراه با تغییرات فصلی و ماهانه خاصی بوده که با تغییرات جهانی
این گاز گلخانه ای مطابقت دارد. افزا یش طولانی مدت گاز گلخانه ای می تواند تأثیرات جدی بر منطقه داشته باشد،
از جمله این تأثیرات می توان به افزایش دما، تغییر الگوهای بارندگی، خشکسالی های شدیدتر و آسیب به
اکوسیستم های طبیعی اشاره نمود. برای مدیریت و کاهش انتشار گازهای گلخانه ای، اقدامات فوری و موثری در
سطوح ملی و بین المللی ضروری است، این اقدامات می تواند شامل: ترویج انرژی های تجدیدپذیر، افزایش کارایی
انرژی، کاهش آلودگی صنعتی، توسعه فناوری های کاهش انتشار و همکاری های منطقه ای و بین المللی در کاهش
گازهای گلخانه ای باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Examination and Analysis of Annual, Seasonal, and Monthly Variations in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Concentration Across the Middle East Region Utilizing SCIAMACHY, GOSAT, and OCO-2 Satellite Data

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed-Mohsen Mousavi 1
  • Naghmeh Mobarghaee Dinan 1
  • Saeed Ansarifard 2
1 Department of Environmental Planning and Design, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
2 School of Physics, Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Climate change and global warming, caused by the increase in the concentration
of greenhouse gases, have garnered significant attention across various national and international
sectors. The emission of greenhouse gases has long been recognized as one of the most pressing
environmental issues, sparking widespread concern. Since the Industrial Revolution, the demand
for energy and the consumption of fossil fuels have escalated, leading to increased greenhouse gas
emissions. While the input and output of atmospheric carbon dioxide have traditionally remained
in balance with nature, human activities and carbon dioxide emissions have disrupted this
equilibrium in recent decades, giving rise to climate change and global warming.
Material and Methods: There are various methods for measuring atmospheric carbon dioxide.
Remote sensing technology, in particular, has emerged as a solution, overcoming the limitations
of ground-based measurement methods by offering continuous monitoring and global coverage
of greenhouse gases. Despite the absence of ground stations for monitoring greenhouse gases in
the Middle East region, spanning 7,207,570 square kilometers, this study investigates the monthly,
seasonal, and annual atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide using data from satellites such
as SCIAMACHY, GOSAT, and OCO. The study period spans from 2003 to 2020.
Results and Discussion: The findings indicate a significant increase in atmospheric carbon
dioxide concentration over the 18 years examined by all three satellites. In addition to
examining annual changes, this study also investigated seasonal and monthly variations in
atmospheric CO2 concentration. The lowest concentrations of this greenhouse gas occurred
during the summer months, particularly in August and September, while the highest
concentrations were observed during the spring months, specifically in April and May.
Furthermore, the analysis of differences in atmospheric CO2 between seasons revealed the most
significant changes from spring to summer, with an average decrease of 6 ppm. Conversely,
the highest increases in atmospheric CO2 between seasons were observed from summer to
autumn, with a recorded average increase of approximately 4 ppm.
Conclusion: This research indicates a notable increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration in the
Middle East region from 2003 to 2020, accompanied by seasonal and monthly fluctuations
consistent with global trends of this greenhouse gas. This long-term rise in greenhouse gas
levels can lead to various detrimental effects in the region, including temperature escalation,
alterations in rainfall patterns, heightened drought severity, and damage to natural ecosystems.
Consequently, the socio-economic stability of the region could be jeopardized, impacting
agriculture, water resources, human health, and biodiversity. To effectively manage and
mitigate greenhouse gas emissions, immediate action is imperative at both national and
international levels. Such measures may involve promoting renewable energy sources,
enhancing energy efficiency, curbing industrial pollution, advancing emission reduction
technologies, and fostering regional and international collaboration in greenhouse gas reduction
efforts. Moreover, public awareness campaigns and policy interventions are essential to
mobilize stakeholders and facilitate the transition to a low-carbon economy in the Middle East,
ensuring sustainable development and climate resilience for future generations.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Remote sensing
  • climate change
  • greenhouse gases
  • atmospheric carbon dioxide
  • Global warming
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