تنوع پوشش‌گیاهی در مراتع جلگه‌ای ناحیه رویشی هیرکانی و ارتباط آن با خصوصیات خاک (مطالعه موردی: شهرستان بهشهر، استان مازندران)

نوع مقاله : Original Articles

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

2 دانشیارگروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

3 استاد گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

4 مربی گروه مرتعداری،دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

چکیده

ترکیب و تنوع گونه‌ای پوشش‌گیاهی مراتع تحت تاثیر عوامل محیطی مختلف بویژه خصوصیـات خاک می‌باشد. در بخش‌هایی از مناطق جلگه‌ای استان مازندران به‌دلیل وجود شرایط خاص، خاک منطقه شور است که محدودیت‌هایی را برای استقرار پوشش‌گیاهی ایجاد می‌کند. در این مطالعه ارتباط پوشش‌گیاهی و خاک در بخشی از مراتع جلگه‌ای ناحیه رویشی هیرکانی در شهرستان بهشهر در استان مازندران بررسی شد. پوشش‌گیاهی در امتداد ترانسکت صد متری و در پلات‌های یک متر مربعی نمونه‌برداری شد. نتایج آنالیز خوشه‌ای سبب تفکیک شش تیپ گیاهی در منطقه گردید. نتایج آنالیز واریانس نشان داد که شاخص‌های تنوع و غنای گونه‌ای تیپ گیاهی Artemisia sieberi-Medicago rigidula و Halocnemum strobilaceum-Juncus maritimus به‌طور معنی‌داری بیش‌تر از سایر اجتماعات بود. نتایج آنالیز RDA نشـان داد که شوری، بافت خاک و رطوبت از جمله مهم‌ترین خصوصیات خاک هستند که بر پراکنش تیپ‌های گیاهی منطقه اثر دارند. به‌طوری‌که افزایش شوری، آهک و درصد سیلت خاک سبـب استقرار تیپ‌های Salicornia europaea-Spergularia marina و Halocnemum strobilaceum-Juncus maritimus می‌شود. در خاک‌های با شوری کم‌تر اما مرطوب‌تر با کربـن آلی بیش‌تر و بافت رســی تیپ‌های Aeluropus littoralis و Hordeum marinum-Plantago psyllium مستقر شدند. کاهش شوری و رطوبت خاک دو تیپ Juncus maritimus و Artemisia sieberi-Medicago rigidula را درپی داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Vegetation Diversity in Lowland Rangeland of Hyrcanian Vegetation Zone and Its Relationship with Soil Properties (Case Study: Behshahr, Mazandaran Province)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Lale Amozgar 1
  • Jamshid Ghorbani, 2
  • Maryam Shokri 3
  • Seyed Hassan Zali 4
1 Former Msc Student of Rangeland management, Department of Rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University
2 Associate Professor, Department of Rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University
3 Professor, Department of Rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University
4 Instructor, Department of Rangeland management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Sari Agricultural Sciences & Natural Resources University
چکیده [English]

Environmental factors particularly soil properties influence the species composition and vegetation diversity in rangelands. Soil in some parts of lowland areain Mazandaran province is saline. This made some limitations for establishment of vegetation. In this study the relationship between vegetation and soil properties were assessed in lowland rangeland of Hyrcanian zone in the city of Behshahr, Mazandaran Province. Vegetation was sampled along transects with 100 m length using 1 m2plots. Cluster analysis showed six vegetation types. ANOVA results indicated that greater values of species richness and diversity indices were found in Artemisia sieberi-Medicago rigidulaand Halocnemum strobilaceum-Juncus maritimus. Results from RDA analysis showed that salinity, soil texture and soil moisture are main drivers of vegetation distribution in this area. An increase in EC,CaCo3andsilt was associated with the establishment of Salicornia europaea-Spergularia marinaand Halocnemum strobilaceum-Juncus maritimus. Aeluropus littoralisand Hordeum marinum-Plantago psylliumwere found where soil had lower EC but higher moisture, Organic carbon and clay. A reduction in soil EC and soil moisture was the favorite of Artemisia sieberi-Medicagorigidulaand Juncus maritimus.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: Cluster analysis
  • Species richness
  • Halophytes
  • Wetland.*Corresponding A

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