تاثیر چرای حیات وحش (آهو) و دام اهلی (گوسفند و بز) بر شاخص های تنوع و غنای گونه ای و ترکیب گیاهی در مراتع استپی مهریز

نوع مقاله : Original Articles

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد مرتعداری، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

2 استادیار گروه مرتعداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری، ساری

3 دانشیار گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی ، دانشگاه یزد، یزد

چکیده

در ارزیابی اثر چرا بر پوشش گیاهی در نظر گرفتن شاخص های تنوع، غنا، یکنواختی، تعداد و ترکیب گیاهی از اهمیت ویژه ای برخوردار می باشد زیرا حساسیت آنها در پاسخ به گرادیان چرا و نوع دام چرا کننده متفاوت می باشد، لذا هدف تحقیق مقایسه شاخص های مذکور بین دو سایت چرایی حیات وحش و دام اهلی در مراتع استپی مهریز بود. نمونه برداری در دو منطقه مذکور در اردیبهشت ماه سال 1391، به طور تصادفی سیستماتیک انجام شد (10 ترانسکت 100 متری و 3 پلات 2 متر مربعی در هر منطقه). در داخل هر پلات و در امتداد هر ترانسکت، نام گونه های گیاهی، تیره های گیاهی، طول عمر و درصد پوشش به تفکیک گونه تعیین گردید. در نهایت مقایسه میان داده ها در دو منطقه با استفاده از آزمون t انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که در سایت چرایی آهو، درصد پوشش گونه های Colchicum kotschyi، Iris songarica (05/0p <) و گونه Stachys inflata (01/0p <) افزایش معنی دار داشته و گونه های Artemisia sieberi، Stipa barbata (01/0p <) و گونه Scorzonera sp. (05/0p <) دارای کاهش معنی‌دار بوده است. همچنین نتایج آنالیز آماری شاخص های تنوع و غنا نشان داد که چرای آهو برای دو شاخص تنوع گیاهی شامل شانون-وینر و سیمپسون و همچنین شاخص یکنواختی افزایش معنی دار را به همراه داشته است (01/0p <) و شاخص های غنای مارگالف و منهینیک تغییر معنی داری را در این ارتباط نشان ندادند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Effects of Wildlife (Deer) and Livestock (Sheep and Goat) Grazing on Species Diversity and Richness, and Plant Composition in the Steppe Rangelands of Mehriz

نویسندگان [English]

  • Samira Hossein Jafari, 1
  • Mohammad Reza Tatian 2
  • Reza Tamartash 2
  • Ali Akbar Karimian 3
1 MSc.Student of Range Management,Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Sari
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Sari Agricultural Science and Natural Resources, Sari
3 Associate Professor, Department of Range Management, Faculty of Natural Resources, Yazd University, Yazd
چکیده [English]

To assess the impact of grazing on the diversity, richness and evenness of vegetation, several indices and information on plant composition are necessary because of their different sensitivity to grazing gradients and kinds of herbivores.Thus, the purpose of this study was to compare these indices between two wildlife and livestock grazing sites in steppe rangelands of Mehriz. Sampling was performed using a random systematic method in April 2012 (10 transects of 100m and three plots of 2m2 were placed on each transect on each site). The species name, plant families, longevity and canopy cover percentage were determined in each plot and along each transect. Finally, the data were analysed using an independent sample t-test. The results showed that the canopy cover percentage of Colchicum kotschyi, Iris songarica(p<0.05) and Stachys inflata(p<0.01) significantly increased while the percentage of Artemisia sieberi, Stipa barbata(p<0.01) and Scorzonera sp.(p<0.05) canopy cover was revealed to have significantly decreased in deer grazing areas. The results of a statistical analysis showed that deer grazing has caused plant diversity indices to increase such as Shannon, Simpson and evenness (p<0.01). However, the Margalef and Menhinick indices did not show any significant difference between the two sites.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords:plant composition
  • diversity
  • richness
  • livestock
  • wildlife
  • steppe rangelands

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