شناسایی کانون‌های گردوغبار با استفاده از مدل WRF - Chem و طرح‌واره‌های فرسایش بادی GOCART و AFWA (طوفان شبیه سازی شده 2 خرداد 1397)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه جیرفت، جیرفت، ایران

2 گروه احیاء مناطق خشک و کوهستانی، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران ، ایران

3 پژوهشکده هواشناسی و علوم جو، سازمان هواشناسی کشور، تهران ، ایران

4 پژوهشکده علوم جو و اقلیم پادوا، شورای ملی تحقیقات ایتالیا، ایتالیا

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: امروزه گردوغبار یک چالش اساسی جوامع انسانی محسوب می‌شود. گردوغبار‌ها تأثیر قابل‌توجهی روی بودجه تابشی زمینی، چرخه‌های بیوژئوشیمیایی جهانی، تشکیلات خاک، ترکیب­های شیمیایی اتمسفر می‌گذارند. این پدیده می‌تواند روی سنجه‌های سلامت عمومی تأثیر بگذارد. فلات مرکزی ایران به ­دلیل قرار گرفتن در اقلیم خشک و نیمه‌خشک سالانه با فراوانی بیشتری نسبت به دیگر منطقه­ ها با این پدیده روبرو است. مدیریت و کنترل گردوغبار منوط به شناسایی کانون‌های بحرانی آن و تثبیت در منطقه برداشت امکان‌پذیر است. هدف از این مطالعه، شناسایی کانون‌های گردوغبار داخلی با استفاده از پارامتر شار قائم گردوغبار است.
مواد و روش‌ها: این مطالعه در منطقه فلات مرکزی ایران که اقلیم بیشتر منطقه موردمطالعه گرم و خشک هست، انجام ‌شده است. بیابان ­های کویر و لوت منطقه وسیعی از این حوزه را می­پوشانند. در این مطالعه به‌منظور شناسایی کانون‌های گردوغبار از مدل WRF - Chem و طرح‌واره‌های فرسایش بادی GOCART و AFWA استفاده گردید. برای تشخیص کانون‌های گردوغبار از خروجی شار گسیل طرح‌واره‌های فرسایش بادی استفاده گردید. در همین راستا طوفان شدید 2 خرداد 1397 توسط مدل WRF - Chem برای شبیه‌سازی انتخاب گردید. به‌منظور صحت سنجی و انتخاب بهترین طرح‌واره فرسایش بادی فلات مرکزی ایران از داده‌های پایگاه باز تحلیل MERRA2 و مقادیر غلظت سطحی گردوغبار استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج نشان داد خروجی‌های طرح‌واره‌های GOCART و AFWA با یکدیگر متفاوت است. طرح‌واره GOCART سه کانون گردوغبار قوی در منطقه موردمطالعه شناسایی کرد که این چشمه‌ها در حوزه جازموریان، حوزه لوت و بیابان مرکزی (بیابان کویر) قرار دارند اما مدل AFWA فقط یک کانون ضعیف در حوزه لوت توانست شناسایی کند. نتایج نشان می‌دهد مرکز بیابان لوت، جنوب حوزه جازموریان و همچنین مرکز بیابان دشت کویر (بیابان مرکزی) به‌عنوان کانون‌های گردوغبار داخلی شناخته می‌شوند. به‌طوریکه از یک مترمربع این منطق­ها در ثانیه امکان برخاستن 5800 میکروگرم گردوغبار به اتمسفر وجود دارد. با توجه به اینکه مدت‌زمان طوفان 12 ساعت بوده است از هر هکتار کانون‌های گردوغبار داخلی حدود 2 تن و 505 کیلوگرم گردوخاک به اتمسفر انتقال داده می‌شود. به‌منظور صحت سنجی از داده‌های باز تحلیل MERRA2 و پارامتر غلظت سطحی استفاده گردید. نتایج طرح‌واره GOCART با داده‌های سری زمانی سه‌ساعته پایگاه باز تحلیل MERRA2 مطابقت بیشتری داشت و به‌عنوان بهترین طرح‌واره فرسایش بادی در فلات مرکزی ایران انتخاب شد.
نتیجه‌گیری: نتایج نشان داد که مدل WRF - Chem به‌خوبی توانایی شبیه‌سازی این پارامتر در منطقه موردمطالعه را دارد. نتایج حاصل از طرح‌واره‌های GOCART و AFWA بسیار متفاوت بود به‌طوریکه مدل AFWA کانون‌های گردوغبار داخلی را بسیار ضعیف برآورد کرد اما مدل GOCART به‌خوبی کانون‌های گردوغبار داخلی را شناسایی کرد.
 

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identifying dust springs using WRF-Chem model and GOCART and AFWA wind erosion schemas (simulated dust storm on 05/22/2018)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Farshad Soleimani Sardoo 1
  • Tayebeh Mesbahzadeh 2
  • Ali Salajeghe 2
  • Gholamreza Zehtabian 2
  • Abbas Ranjbar 3
  • Mario Marcello miglietta 4
  • Sara Karami 3
1 Department of Ecological Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Jiroft, Jiroft, Iran
2 Department of Reclamation of Dry and Mountainous Regions, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
3 Institute of Meteorology and Atmospheric Sciences, Meteorological Organization, Tehran, Iran.
4 Padua Research Institute of Atmospheric and Climatic Sciences, Italian National Research Council, Italy
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Today, dust is a major challenge for human societies. Dusts have a significant impact on the Earth's radiation budget, global biochemical cycles, soil formations, and chemical compounds in the atmosphere. This phenomenon can affect public health indicators. The Iranian Central Plateau is located in arid and semi-arid climates; it is more likely to face this phenomenon than other regions. Dust management and control depend on identifying critical hotspots and stabilizing the harvesting area. The aim of this study was to identify internal dust sources using the vertical dust flux parameter.
Material and methods:
Kavir and Loot deserts cover a large area of the Iranian Central Plateau. In this study, the WRF-Chem model and GOCART and AFWA wind erosion schemas were used to identify dust springs. Emission fluxes were used to detect dust springs. In this regard, a severe storm was selected on 05/22/2018 by WRF-Chem model for simulation. In order to verify and select the best wind erosion schematic of the Iranian Central Plateau, the data of MERRA2 re-analysis database and surface dust concentration values ​​were used.
Results and discussion:
The results showed that the outputs of GOCART and AFWA schemas were different. The GOCART schemas identified three strong dust sources in the study area that were located in the Jazmourian Basin, the Loot Basin, and the Central Desert (Kavir Desert), but the AFWA schemas were able to identify only one weak source in the Loot area. The results showed that Loot Desert Center, south of Jazmourian Basin, as well as Dasht-e Kavir Desert Center (Central Desert) are known as internal dust sources. So that from one square meter of these areas, it is possible for 5800 micrograms of dust to rise into the atmosphere per second. Due to the fact that the storm lasted for 12 hours, about 2 tons and 505 kg of dust were transferred to the atmosphere from each hectare of internal dust springs. The results of the GOCART schema were more consistent with the three-hour time-series data of the MERRA2 re-analysis database and were selected as the best wind erosion schematic in the Iranian Central Plateau.
Conclusion:
The results showed that the WRF-Chem model had a good ability to resemble the dust flux in the study area. The results of the GOCART and AFWA schemas were different. The AFWA model estimated the internal dust sources to be very weak. However, the GOCART model well detected internal dust sources.
 
 
 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust springs
  • WRF-Chem model
  • GOCART and AFWA schemas
  • Dust emission flux
  • MERRA2 re-analysis base
  • Central Plateau of Iran

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 19، شماره 2
تیر 1400
صفحه 91-110

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