Shahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Kinetics Fractionation of Heavy Metals Release From Clayey Sediments Using Leaching ColumnKinetics Fractionation of Heavy Metals Release From Clayey Sediments Using Leaching Column11097570FAHamed ArfaniaDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, UrmiaFarrokh AsadzadehDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, UrmiaJournal Article20150519The kinetics of release of heavy metal ions zinc, lead, nickel, copper and cadmium from the depth of 0 to 10 cm of downstream river sediment located in Hamedan Province, polluted with nitrate salt of these metals, were studied using the leaching column method. The rate of desorption of heavy metals from polluted sediments was initially rapid and, then, gradually declined over time; the behavior of Pb was different and it was released in a gradual and continuous manner. In general, the release of heavy metals from clayey sediments polluted by an inorganic source conformed to a two-site model of first order kinetics; however, the release of Zn, Cd and Pb from sediment (1) and Pb from sediment (2) could also be adequately accounted for by a single-site model. The average coefficients of determination and RMSE for metals in the first order kinetics were 0.905 and 0.054 for a single-site model and for a two-site model were 0.986 and 0.046, respectively. Considering the total heavy metal content of sediments, the cumulative quantity of leached metals was low, indicating a high retention capacity of the sediments for heavy metals. This statement can be elucidated by the low values of the apparent coefficient of desorption in the first order kinetics model.The kinetics of release of heavy metal ions zinc, lead, nickel, copper and cadmium from the depth of 0 to 10 cm of downstream river sediment located in Hamedan Province, polluted with nitrate salt of these metals, were studied using the leaching column method. The rate of desorption of heavy metals from polluted sediments was initially rapid and, then, gradually declined over time; the behavior of Pb was different and it was released in a gradual and continuous manner. In general, the release of heavy metals from clayey sediments polluted by an inorganic source conformed to a two-site model of first order kinetics; however, the release of Zn, Cd and Pb from sediment (1) and Pb from sediment (2) could also be adequately accounted for by a single-site model. The average coefficients of determination and RMSE for metals in the first order kinetics were 0.905 and 0.054 for a single-site model and for a two-site model were 0.986 and 0.046, respectively. Considering the total heavy metal content of sediments, the cumulative quantity of leached metals was low, indicating a high retention capacity of the sediments for heavy metals. This statement can be elucidated by the low values of the apparent coefficient of desorption in the first order kinetics model.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97570_eb9dce8bd00541f2679f434b45471238.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923A Study of the Gypsum Solubility of the Gachsaran Formation in East of Khuzestan Province and its Environmental ImpactsA Study of the Gypsum Solubility of the Gachsaran Formation in East of Khuzestan Province and its Environmental Impacts112497579FAMohammad MohammadianFaculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, MashhadMohammad GhaforiFaculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, MashhadMohammas Hosein GhobadiFaculty of Science, Bu Ali Sina University, HamedanJournal Article20150519The Gachsaran evaporate formation is extensively exposed in East of Khozestan Province and the gypsum rocks in this formation show karstification. This paper has studied the development and environmental impact problems of gypsum karst in Ramhormoz and Meaedavood cities based on field study, laboratory and software studies. Structural factors such as joints, fractures and faults and the extraction of groundwater are the main agents in the development of karst gypsum. Due to the dissolution of gypsum, there is an increase in TDS and sulfate ions and a decrease in the quality of surface water and groundwater. The extraction of groundwater and lowering of the water table have increased the dissolution rate of gypsum and created a sinkhole. During recent years, a large number of sinkholes have been formed suddenly in the gypsum but, fortunately, have not caused any damage. Dissolution of the gypsum has caused an increase in the salinity of soil and expansion of saline land in Ramhormoz plain. As a result of the dissolution process, the resistance of rock decreases and cracks and fractures develop for the passage water, creating abundant slope instability in the Jareh Dam reservoirThe Gachsaran evaporate formation is extensively exposed in East of Khozestan Province and the gypsum rocks in this formation show karstification. This paper has studied the development and environmental impact problems of gypsum karst in Ramhormoz and Meaedavood cities based on field study, laboratory and software studies. Structural factors such as joints, fractures and faults and the extraction of groundwater are the main agents in the development of karst gypsum. Due to the dissolution of gypsum, there is an increase in TDS and sulfate ions and a decrease in the quality of surface water and groundwater. The extraction of groundwater and lowering of the water table have increased the dissolution rate of gypsum and created a sinkhole. During recent years, a large number of sinkholes have been formed suddenly in the gypsum but, fortunately, have not caused any damage. Dissolution of the gypsum has caused an increase in the salinity of soil and expansion of saline land in Ramhormoz plain. As a result of the dissolution process, the resistance of rock decreases and cracks and fractures develop for the passage water, creating abundant slope instability in the Jareh Dam reservoirhttps://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97579_91f461ef94d6671f9c97ec9b741c32af.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Effect of the Pattern of Tree Planting on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Elm in and Urban AreaEffect of the Pattern of Tree Planting on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Elm in and Urban Area253497592FAMorteza HabibiFaculty of Science and Research, University of Islamic Azad, Tehran, IranHadi Kia-DaliriDepartment of Forestry, Faculty of Science and Research, University of Islamic Azad, Tehran, IranReza AkhavanResearch Institute of Forests and Rangeland Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization(AREEO), Tehran, IranJournal Article20150519The 16th district of Tehran city was selected for investigating the condition of trees in urban areas. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted on the stands of two species, namely European elm (ulmus carpinifolia) and Persian elm (ulmus carpinifolia var.umberaculifera), in two forms of stand and line. One hundred trees for each kind (separately) were measured after selecting the stands. After having chosen the lines, first one tree was randomly selected and, then, the next tree would selected and the fourth one. Following this, quantitative parameters (including diameter at breast height, tree height, crown height and average of crown diameter) and qualitative parameters (including the health of crown, the die back, canker, and pests and multi-branching) were measured. According to the results we can say that, according to quantitative characteristics, the European elm has a better desirability rather than the Persian elm, while the Persian elm has healthier crown, lower die back and fewer pests than the European elm in terms of qualitative characteristics; the European elm has more limited multi-branching than the Persian elm but no significant differences were discovered in canker. Thus, for the development of green areas in lines and where the objective is to design an aesthetic landscape, it is better to use Persian elm and, when establishment of forest planting and improvement of quantitative characteristics is desired (stands), European elm may be a better option.The 16th district of Tehran city was selected for investigating the condition of trees in urban areas. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted on the stands of two species, namely European elm (ulmus carpinifolia) and Persian elm (ulmus carpinifolia var.umberaculifera), in two forms of stand and line. One hundred trees for each kind (separately) were measured after selecting the stands. After having chosen the lines, first one tree was randomly selected and, then, the next tree would selected and the fourth one. Following this, quantitative parameters (including diameter at breast height, tree height, crown height and average of crown diameter) and qualitative parameters (including the health of crown, the die back, canker, and pests and multi-branching) were measured. According to the results we can say that, according to quantitative characteristics, the European elm has a better desirability rather than the Persian elm, while the Persian elm has healthier crown, lower die back and fewer pests than the European elm in terms of qualitative characteristics; the European elm has more limited multi-branching than the Persian elm but no significant differences were discovered in canker. Thus, for the development of green areas in lines and where the objective is to design an aesthetic landscape, it is better to use Persian elm and, when establishment of forest planting and improvement of quantitative characteristics is desired (stands), European elm may be a better option.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97592_99deb21344fd8e144b54d4e417122989.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Pattern of Virtual Water Trade in the Economic Activities of Guilan Province: Application of an Extended Input-Output TablePattern of Virtual Water Trade in the Economic Activities of Guilan Province: Application of an Extended Input-Output Table355097595FAMorteza TahamipourDepartment of Economics and Political science,Faculty of Economics, University of Shahid Beheshti, TehranAbas SalahFaculty of Economics, University of Shahid Beheshti, TehranAbbas ArabmazarDepartment of Economics and Political science, Faculty of Economics, University of Shahid Beheshti, TehranJournal Article20150519One of the new approaches in the management of water resources is according to the principle of comparative advantage and trade in virtual water. This is based on the view that it can be considered a specialty area in which the water products and the products produced in wet areas, or imported from other countries, enter areas that are less water. In this study, the approach in Gilan Province has been studied. On this basis, the central question of this study would be what form the trade model of virtual water in this province takes and, in order to answer this question, an extended input-output table was used. Accordingly, the direct and total water consumption for 40 activities at the provincial level has been considered. The results showed that Guilan Province, with net exports of 636 and 811 million cubic meters of water at the level of economic activity and agriculture, respectively, has been a net exporter of virtual water, while the province's industries and mines have been net importers of virtual water. Based on the information obtained in this study, it is possible through a change in the composition of economic activity (to increase the proportion of activities with high added value and reduce the share of activities with the highest intensity of water use) to hold the added value of Guilan Province and establish an improved trade balance for water.One of the new approaches in the management of water resources is according to the principle of comparative advantage and trade in virtual water. This is based on the view that it can be considered a specialty area in which the water products and the products produced in wet areas, or imported from other countries, enter areas that are less water. In this study, the approach in Gilan Province has been studied. On this basis, the central question of this study would be what form the trade model of virtual water in this province takes and, in order to answer this question, an extended input-output table was used. Accordingly, the direct and total water consumption for 40 activities at the provincial level has been considered. The results showed that Guilan Province, with net exports of 636 and 811 million cubic meters of water at the level of economic activity and agriculture, respectively, has been a net exporter of virtual water, while the province's industries and mines have been net importers of virtual water. Based on the information obtained in this study, it is possible through a change in the composition of economic activity (to increase the proportion of activities with high added value and reduce the share of activities with the highest intensity of water use) to hold the added value of Guilan Province and establish an improved trade balance for water.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97595_d36b18ecba7a8f2827de5f3bc6f21046.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Affecting Factors on Participation of Forests Rural Dwellers toward Oshtorankooh Forests Management in Doroud Township, IranAffecting Factors on Participation of Forests Rural Dwellers toward Oshtorankooh Forests Management in Doroud Township, Iran516297600FANarges DramianiFaculty of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, University of Islamic Azad, Science and Research Branch,
Tehran.Hadi KiadaliriFaculty of Agriculture
and Natural Resources, University of Islamic Azad, Science and
Research Branch, Tehran.Masoud Bijani, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University,
Tehran.0000-0003-2659-6386Farzad VeisanlooFaculty of
Agriculture and Natural Resources, University Islamic Azad,
Boroujerd Branch, BoroujerdJournal Article20150613Forest resources management due to the breadth of the subject and interference with social and economic issues is a meta-organizational plan application which is required the public participation. Due to increasing population size and high dependency of forest dwellers to forest resources, the destruction of these valuable resources declined in terms of quantity and quality and is in danger of disappearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate affecting factors on participation of forests rural dwellers toward Oshtorankooh forests management in Doroud. The study was fulfilled by using descriptive - correlation method. The population size was 543 households that according to Krejcie & Morgan Table, 226 family supervisors were studied as a sample by using stratified random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS software. The research tool included a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a group of professionals. A pilot study was conducted during which the Cronbach's alpha test was calculated to determinate the reliability of data collection instrument. Multiple regression analysis showed that the use of educational tools and resources, attitude to participation, age, cooperation and interaction experience in rural areas, education level and annual income, could explain 0.51 of the variation of participation. Results of path analysis showed that variable of the use educational tools and resources had the most effect and the awareness of the importance of forests had the least effect on the participation rate in forest management. Based on the findings, some executive recommendations have been presentedForest resources management due to the breadth of the subject and interference with social and economic issues is a meta-organizational plan application which is required the public participation. Due to increasing population size and high dependency of forest dwellers to forest resources, the destruction of these valuable resources declined in terms of quantity and quality and is in danger of disappearing. The purpose of this study was to investigate affecting factors on participation of forests rural dwellers toward Oshtorankooh forests management in Doroud. The study was fulfilled by using descriptive - correlation method. The population size was 543 households that according to Krejcie & Morgan Table, 226 family supervisors were studied as a sample by using stratified random sampling method. Statistical analysis was done through SPSS software. The research tool included a questionnaire that its validity was confirmed by a group of professionals. A pilot study was conducted during which the Cronbach's alpha test was calculated to determinate the reliability of data collection instrument. Multiple regression analysis showed that the use of educational tools and resources, attitude to participation, age, cooperation and interaction experience in rural areas, education level and annual income, could explain 0.51 of the variation of participation. Results of path analysis showed that variable of the use educational tools and resources had the most effect and the awareness of the importance of forests had the least effect on the participation rate in forest management. Based on the findings, some executive recommendations have been presentedhttps://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97600_4e0ec8815b44f7acee55ea4ffe8bddd3.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Determination of Origin and Concentration of n-Alkanes Residues in Eggs of four Tern Species on Shidvar Island, the Persian GulfDetermination of Origin and Concentration of n-Alkanes Residues in Eggs of four Tern Species on Shidvar Island, the Persian Gulf637097603FAZiba SalarijooFaculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, NoorAlireza Riyahi BakhtiariDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, NoorSayed Mahmood GhasempuriDepartment of Environment, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, University of Tarbiat Modares, NoorJournal Article20150613The prevention of pollution of marine ecosystems is very important for the sustainable use of resources. Given the persistence of pollutants in the aquatic food chain, the likelihood of damage to all living organisms is high, including humans who are at the top of the food chain. n-alkanes were used as an indicator of the origin and changes in organic substances. The present study was aimed at determining the origin and concentration of these compounds in the eggs of four sea-bird species (White-cheeked Sterna repressa, Bridled Sterna anaethetus, Greated Crested and Lesser Created T. bengalensis Terns) on Shidvar Island in July 2013. n-alkanes were mostly determined in the range of n-C14 - nC35, and their total obtained concentrations in the sampled eggs of White-cheeked, Bridled, Greated Crested and Lesser Created Terns were also in the range of 41.39-86.32, 22.88-53.19, 21.82- 54.94 and 59.47-95.46 (µg.mg-1 lipid), respectively. However, the concentrations of these compounds in eggs of the White-cheeked and Lesser Created Terns were higher than the Greater Crested and Bridled Terns. Diagnostic ratios of CPI, Pr/Ph, n-C17/Pr, nC18/Pr and U/R, in addition, n-alkanes in all the samples were mostly recognized as originating from petrogenic compounds and, so, the most important causes involved are presumably contamination from oil refineries which have been established on Lavan Island closed to Shidvar Island. The presence of oil pollutants cause by oil spills in the Persian Gulf, shipping, the discharge of ballast water from ships to this area is also an important source.The prevention of pollution of marine ecosystems is very important for the sustainable use of resources. Given the persistence of pollutants in the aquatic food chain, the likelihood of damage to all living organisms is high, including humans who are at the top of the food chain. n-alkanes were used as an indicator of the origin and changes in organic substances. The present study was aimed at determining the origin and concentration of these compounds in the eggs of four sea-bird species (White-cheeked Sterna repressa, Bridled Sterna anaethetus, Greated Crested and Lesser Created T. bengalensis Terns) on Shidvar Island in July 2013. n-alkanes were mostly determined in the range of n-C14 - nC35, and their total obtained concentrations in the sampled eggs of White-cheeked, Bridled, Greated Crested and Lesser Created Terns were also in the range of 41.39-86.32, 22.88-53.19, 21.82- 54.94 and 59.47-95.46 (µg.mg-1 lipid), respectively. However, the concentrations of these compounds in eggs of the White-cheeked and Lesser Created Terns were higher than the Greater Crested and Bridled Terns. Diagnostic ratios of CPI, Pr/Ph, n-C17/Pr, nC18/Pr and U/R, in addition, n-alkanes in all the samples were mostly recognized as originating from petrogenic compounds and, so, the most important causes involved are presumably contamination from oil refineries which have been established on Lavan Island closed to Shidvar Island. The presence of oil pollutants cause by oil spills in the Persian Gulf, shipping, the discharge of ballast water from ships to this area is also an important source.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97603_411fb8d940f38ca2286acce1566f5aef.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923The Role and Impact of Mix Marketing on Export of Organic Pomegranate: A Case Study in SavehThe Role and Impact of Mix Marketing on Export of Organic Pomegranate: A Case Study in Saveh717897605FAHooman LiaghatiDepartment of Economic and Environmental Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran0000-0003-0604-6328Vahid AskaryEnvironmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, TehranMohadeseh SadeghiFaculty of Agriculture, University of Ilam, IlamSeyed Mohammad MojabiEnvironmental Protection Organization, TehranJournal Article20150713With increasing public concern about food quality and health of society in conjuction with destruction of natural resources, there has been recently much more attentions about organic farming in most developed and developing countries. This study aims to investigate the effect of mix marketing on development of pomegranate exports of Saveh, southwest of Tehran, to international markets providing the opportunity for improving the existing situation Accordingly, some questionnaires were distributed among exporters and manufacturers having some experiences in export. Assumptions were examined base on a t-student with single groups and Friedman test with a margin of error of 5%. The results showed that the most important factors effecting the pomegranate exports in the mix marketing are price element, product element, distribution element and the element of promotion, respectively. The results also revealed that the lack of knowledge of producers, lack of supporting the manufacturer particularly during the transition period as well as failure to support guarantee buying at a higher price are among those impediments for the development of organic pomegranate area in the region.With increasing public concern about food quality and health of society in conjuction with destruction of natural resources, there has been recently much more attentions about organic farming in most developed and developing countries. This study aims to investigate the effect of mix marketing on development of pomegranate exports of Saveh, southwest of Tehran, to international markets providing the opportunity for improving the existing situation Accordingly, some questionnaires were distributed among exporters and manufacturers having some experiences in export. Assumptions were examined base on a t-student with single groups and Friedman test with a margin of error of 5%. The results showed that the most important factors effecting the pomegranate exports in the mix marketing are price element, product element, distribution element and the element of promotion, respectively. The results also revealed that the lack of knowledge of producers, lack of supporting the manufacturer particularly during the transition period as well as failure to support guarantee buying at a higher price are among those impediments for the development of organic pomegranate area in the region.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97605_862339e50308cd1e8fe1c73d8c6cd29f.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Assesment of Habitat Suitability Centeral Alborz Wildsheep (O.o.arkali & O.o.vigneii) Using Maximum Antropy Analysis in Tehran ProvinceAssesment of Habitat Suitability Centeral Alborz Wildsheep (O.o.arkali & O.o.vigneii) Using Maximum Antropy Analysis in Tehran Province798897610FAAmir Abbas AmadiFaculty of Energy and Environment, Science and Research Campus, University of Islamic azad Tehran, Science and Research CampusBahman Shams EsfandabadDepartment of Environment, Facultuy of Agriculture And Natural Resource , University of azad Islamic ArakJournal Article20150818Alborz markazi wildsheep is a migrant species that has several seasonal home rang. This species is classified as vulnerable in red list of IUCN and is classified as a protected animal based on environment conservation law in iran ،Therefor conservation of this species and itshabitats is important in regional and international levels.Analysis relation between species and their environment has ever been a important issue that it is base of modelling .In research we used maximum entropy approach in1392 in Tehran by recorded 350 present points gathered in summer and winter to environmental variables representing geographical and anthropogenical factors of the study area. of summer suitable habitat is 204629 ha and winter suitable habitat is 204471 ha. .in order to survey validation model we used cross validation .Acording to result of studing standard devation of slope and elevation classification, distance of water resource maximum play and orientation minimum play in summer model and in winter model slop and elevation and about orientation sun maximum play and orient east and south minimum play in model.Alborz markazi wildsheep is a migrant species that has several seasonal home rang. This species is classified as vulnerable in red list of IUCN and is classified as a protected animal based on environment conservation law in iran ،Therefor conservation of this species and itshabitats is important in regional and international levels.Analysis relation between species and their environment has ever been a important issue that it is base of modelling .In research we used maximum entropy approach in1392 in Tehran by recorded 350 present points gathered in summer and winter to environmental variables representing geographical and anthropogenical factors of the study area. of summer suitable habitat is 204629 ha and winter suitable habitat is 204471 ha. .in order to survey validation model we used cross validation .Acording to result of studing standard devation of slope and elevation classification, distance of water resource maximum play and orientation minimum play in summer model and in winter model slop and elevation and about orientation sun maximum play and orient east and south minimum play in model.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97610_7e01ab67b1916db796ebb85999325bce.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Sensitivity Analysis And aquifer Vulnerability Assessment Using Hydrogeological Criteria Case study (Aquifer Sarkhoon Hormozgan)Sensitivity Analysis And aquifer Vulnerability Assessment Using Hydrogeological Criteria Case study (Aquifer Sarkhoon Hormozgan)10311297575FAAhmad NohegarFaculty of Environment
University of Tehran, TehranFatemeh RiahiHormozgan University
Bandar AbbasMajid KholghyFaculty of Natural Resources, University of KarajHasan VagharfardFaculty of Natural Resources, Hormozgan UniversityJournal Article20150928One of the best ways to prevent groundwater contamination is identifying aquifer vulnerability areas, monitoring of spatial quality changes and then managing the water resources exploitations and the land uses.. In this study by using a DRASTIC model in SARKHON aquifer vulnerability has been studied. Thus, geographic information system (GIS) to provide aquifer vulnerability map has been used and seven hydro geologic factors influencing vulnerability has been studied. The result, 70% area affected has moderate vulnerability, 27.5% has high vulnerability and 2.5% is low vulnerability. In both sensitivity analysis methods: the map removal and single parameter was assessed. DRASTIC vulnerability index most sensitive to both sensitivity analysis methods shows the effect of vados zone results from a single parameter sensitivity analysis of the study area shows a depth of parameter, the most important criteria in assessing the vulnerability of but, unexpectedly, less impact on the vulnerability of the study area, weight and much different about 12% with weight theorical. Nitrate ion measurements from multiple wells (water and agriculture water) in order to verify the measurement accuracy of the model was used to model. The results indicate the model high accuracy of the area studied.One of the best ways to prevent groundwater contamination is identifying aquifer vulnerability areas, monitoring of spatial quality changes and then managing the water resources exploitations and the land uses.. In this study by using a DRASTIC model in SARKHON aquifer vulnerability has been studied. Thus, geographic information system (GIS) to provide aquifer vulnerability map has been used and seven hydro geologic factors influencing vulnerability has been studied. The result, 70% area affected has moderate vulnerability, 27.5% has high vulnerability and 2.5% is low vulnerability. In both sensitivity analysis methods: the map removal and single parameter was assessed. DRASTIC vulnerability index most sensitive to both sensitivity analysis methods shows the effect of vados zone results from a single parameter sensitivity analysis of the study area shows a depth of parameter, the most important criteria in assessing the vulnerability of but, unexpectedly, less impact on the vulnerability of the study area, weight and much different about 12% with weight theorical. Nitrate ion measurements from multiple wells (water and agriculture water) in order to verify the measurement accuracy of the model was used to model. The results indicate the model high accuracy of the area studied.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97575_10c0ecd7fc448e54e80fd6eee09891d4.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Paleoclimate modeling and identification of anthropogenic effects in high Zagros MountainsPaleoclimate modeling and identification of anthropogenic effects in high Zagros Mountains8910297613FATayebeh AkbariFaculty of Earth Sciences, University of Shahid BeheshtiRaziyeh Lak2
Institute of Earth Sciences, Geoogical Survey of Iran, TehranReza ShahbaziInstitute of applied Sciences, Geoogical Survey of
Iran, Tehran, KarajKamallodin AlizadehUniversity of Goettingen, GermanyAshraf AsadiUniversity of Payamnoor, YasoujMehrnoosh GhadimiFaculty of Geography, University of TehranJournal Article20150914Abstract: In this research we tried to investigate the respond of high part of Zagros Mountains to past climate change by studying a 300cm core was extracted from Lake Gahar. This region is as an important biome of oak forest of Iran. Then the aim of this investigation is to detect past climate condition by palynology and modeling. According to the pollen percentage diagram of Lake Gahar (Fig. 3, 4, 5), four main local pollen assemblage zones consisting of two older zones GHA(depth of 300 to 210 cm), GHB (210 to 65 cm depth) and two more new zones GHC (depth 65 to 30 cm) and GHD (depth 30 to 0 cm) were identified. For interpretation the pollen diagram we reconstructed the annual mean precipitation and temperature data over 40000 years by MCM (Macrophysical Climate Model). By calculation the Z-score index four major thermal and moisture period found in Gahar region: 1- Cold and dry period (40000-30000 Yr. B.P) 2- Warm and dry period (30000-20000Yr. B.P) 3- Cold and wet period (20000-11900 Yr. B.P) and 4- Warm and dry period (11900-now Yr. B.P). The indices and our data showed that two zones GHA and GHB beyond depth 300-60cm may have been exposed to cold and wet period around 20000-11900 Years B.P..The mentioned zones have vegetation of forest- steppe with dominant species of oak trees. It seems that the disappearing of arboreal pollen, especially Quercus at a depth of 50 and 60 cm at the boundary between the two zones GHB and GHC is associated with unfavorable conditions for plant growth during the last glacial period. There are also upland herbs pollen types such as Poaceae crealia types and polygonium, and also arboreal pollen such as Corylus, Juglans, olive and Vitis can be considered as evidence of the destruction of the region as a result of anthropogenic effects and heavy grazing and farming operations. It is approved that consecutive period of cold/wet and warm/dry period in the past climate of Gahar region by comparing the results with other lakes in the north west of Iran.Abstract: In this research we tried to investigate the respond of high part of Zagros Mountains to past climate change by studying a 300cm core was extracted from Lake Gahar. This region is as an important biome of oak forest of Iran. Then the aim of this investigation is to detect past climate condition by palynology and modeling. According to the pollen percentage diagram of Lake Gahar (Fig. 3, 4, 5), four main local pollen assemblage zones consisting of two older zones GHA(depth of 300 to 210 cm), GHB (210 to 65 cm depth) and two more new zones GHC (depth 65 to 30 cm) and GHD (depth 30 to 0 cm) were identified. For interpretation the pollen diagram we reconstructed the annual mean precipitation and temperature data over 40000 years by MCM (Macrophysical Climate Model). By calculation the Z-score index four major thermal and moisture period found in Gahar region: 1- Cold and dry period (40000-30000 Yr. B.P) 2- Warm and dry period (30000-20000Yr. B.P) 3- Cold and wet period (20000-11900 Yr. B.P) and 4- Warm and dry period (11900-now Yr. B.P). The indices and our data showed that two zones GHA and GHB beyond depth 300-60cm may have been exposed to cold and wet period around 20000-11900 Years B.P..The mentioned zones have vegetation of forest- steppe with dominant species of oak trees. It seems that the disappearing of arboreal pollen, especially Quercus at a depth of 50 and 60 cm at the boundary between the two zones GHB and GHC is associated with unfavorable conditions for plant growth during the last glacial period. There are also upland herbs pollen types such as Poaceae crealia types and polygonium, and also arboreal pollen such as Corylus, Juglans, olive and Vitis can be considered as evidence of the destruction of the region as a result of anthropogenic effects and heavy grazing and farming operations. It is approved that consecutive period of cold/wet and warm/dry period in the past climate of Gahar region by comparing the results with other lakes in the north west of Iran.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97613_dff057793df8efa36e43db24314d5e97.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Strategic Planning for Reviving the Natural Environment of Tehran River Valleys (Case Study: Darakeh River Valley)Strategic Planning for Reviving the Natural Environment of Tehran River Valleys (Case Study: Darakeh River Valley)11312497582FALotfali Kozegar KalejiFaculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranArman MoslemiFaculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, IranJournal Article20151005During the recent decades, Tehran County has faced a considerable growth in urbanites. This huge rate of urbanism and subsequently land using for urban habitancy without taking the environment potentials into account has caused serious consequences and has led to environment destruction in Tehran; disorganizing the balance between the county and the environment. Urban river valleys; as one of the elements of ecologic structure of the cities, can play an efficient role in creating balance between the human made city structure and the nature, but the widespread use has caused a hyper-pressure to the nature, resulting in waste of nature elements like trees, vegetation, water pollution, etc. Thus providing and increasing amusing places, planning natural environments in order to save and revive natural ecosystems and optimum exploitation of them looks totally vital. This paper is of descriptive- analytical and is based on SWOT strategic analysis combinational model and QSPM strategic planning model. This research has explored the process of planning for reviving the natural environment of river valleys in Tehran County and has studied Darakeh river valley as a case study. Performing field studies and reviewing records, this paper provides some strategies in order to plan for reviving the natural environment of this river valley based on facilities and opportunities, limitations and threats. The results of the research shows that the selected QSPM strategies is of the highest priority with an attraction scores of 6.048 among the other five strategies; i.e. selective strategy, protection strategy, reviving strategy, strengthening vegetation strategy and natural settlements strategy.During the recent decades, Tehran County has faced a considerable growth in urbanites. This huge rate of urbanism and subsequently land using for urban habitancy without taking the environment potentials into account has caused serious consequences and has led to environment destruction in Tehran; disorganizing the balance between the county and the environment. Urban river valleys; as one of the elements of ecologic structure of the cities, can play an efficient role in creating balance between the human made city structure and the nature, but the widespread use has caused a hyper-pressure to the nature, resulting in waste of nature elements like trees, vegetation, water pollution, etc. Thus providing and increasing amusing places, planning natural environments in order to save and revive natural ecosystems and optimum exploitation of them looks totally vital. This paper is of descriptive- analytical and is based on SWOT strategic analysis combinational model and QSPM strategic planning model. This research has explored the process of planning for reviving the natural environment of river valleys in Tehran County and has studied Darakeh river valley as a case study. Performing field studies and reviewing records, this paper provides some strategies in order to plan for reviving the natural environment of this river valley based on facilities and opportunities, limitations and threats. The results of the research shows that the selected QSPM strategies is of the highest priority with an attraction scores of 6.048 among the other five strategies; i.e. selective strategy, protection strategy, reviving strategy, strengthening vegetation strategy and natural settlements strategy.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97582_e37d797e818a7166af74a584f13fe7ec.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Summer and Autumn Habitat Selection of Gazella subgutrrosa on the Basis of Plant Communities (Case study: Kalmand Plain in Yazd Province)Summer and Autumn Habitat Selection of Gazella subgutrrosa on the Basis of Plant Communities (Case study: Kalmand Plain in Yazd Province)12513297585FAAli Akbar KarimianYazd UniversitySamira Hossein JafariGorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural ResourcesJournal Article20151019Habitat is one of the important factors in species protection. Determining the pattern of wildlife species distribution and their habitat selection is so important to manage wildlife and its habitat. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the habitat selection of Gazella subgutrrosa in Kalmand conserved area. Sampling was done using random steady transects with 200 meters long and 2 meters wide and with 2 replications during five field investigation. When dung groups were observed, a 10*10 plot was putted with the center of dung masses and environmental variables were measured. Then, dungs were removed for another monitoring. Transects were investigated every 45 days. The results showed that there is a significant difference among three plant communities in terms of dung groups' density. The most and the least deer utilization were related to Artemisia-lactuca and Artemisia communities, respectively, but there is no significant difference between Artemisia and Artemisia-Salsola communities in terms of habitat use. Artemisia-lactuca community had the least distance to the nearest post and Artemisia-Salsola community had the least distance to the nearest water resources and road. Artemisia community had also the least distance to the nearest farm. There is no significant difference between the two seasons in terms of dung groups' density in plant communities. It seems that Artemisia-lactuca community prepared refuge (because of Astragalus species as a participant in this community), safety (because of being near to the post), and more food and water resources (because of Artemisia and Astragalus species presence) for Gazella subgutrrosa compared to the other communities.Habitat is one of the important factors in species protection. Determining the pattern of wildlife species distribution and their habitat selection is so important to manage wildlife and its habitat. So the purpose of this study is to investigate the habitat selection of Gazella subgutrrosa in Kalmand conserved area. Sampling was done using random steady transects with 200 meters long and 2 meters wide and with 2 replications during five field investigation. When dung groups were observed, a 10*10 plot was putted with the center of dung masses and environmental variables were measured. Then, dungs were removed for another monitoring. Transects were investigated every 45 days. The results showed that there is a significant difference among three plant communities in terms of dung groups' density. The most and the least deer utilization were related to Artemisia-lactuca and Artemisia communities, respectively, but there is no significant difference between Artemisia and Artemisia-Salsola communities in terms of habitat use. Artemisia-lactuca community had the least distance to the nearest post and Artemisia-Salsola community had the least distance to the nearest water resources and road. Artemisia community had also the least distance to the nearest farm. There is no significant difference between the two seasons in terms of dung groups' density in plant communities. It seems that Artemisia-lactuca community prepared refuge (because of Astragalus species as a participant in this community), safety (because of being near to the post), and more food and water resources (because of Artemisia and Astragalus species presence) for Gazella subgutrrosa compared to the other communities.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97585_d4175744dbdc2557b535f4d8ad569d4d.pdfShahid Beheshti UniversityEnvironmental Sciences1735-132413320150923Simulation of Land Use Change using CA-Markov: A case study of Malekan CountySimulation of Land Use Change using CA-Markov: A case study of Malekan County13314297589FAVahid Amini ParsaDepartment of Environmental Planning, Management and Education, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran, TehranEsmail SalehiFaculty of Environment, University of Tehran, TehranShahab AdeliUniversity of Tabriz, TabrizAli AziziFaculty of Environment, University of Tehran, TehranJournal Article20151115The land surface has experienced significant land use and land cover changes especially with regard to the human built environment. Land use changes is an important component in understanding the interactions between human activities and the environment, so analyzing these changes from the past to the future on the basis of a dynamic approach is necessary. In this research, land use maps for Malekan County in East Azerbaijan (Iran) for the years 1987, 2000 and 2014 were extracted, respectively, using Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI using RS and GIS techniques. Land use changes detected over the past 27 years were analyzed. The CAMarkov model was used to predict the land use pattern for 2024. Results show that agricultural land and human built areas increased but bare land decreased during the period 1987-2014. The simulated land use map for 2024 indicates an incremental trend in agricultural land (from 24.53% to 25.67%) and also in human built areas (from 2.69% to 3.75%) during 2014-2028. These results can play useful role to improve land use management strategies in the study area.The land surface has experienced significant land use and land cover changes especially with regard to the human built environment. Land use changes is an important component in understanding the interactions between human activities and the environment, so analyzing these changes from the past to the future on the basis of a dynamic approach is necessary. In this research, land use maps for Malekan County in East Azerbaijan (Iran) for the years 1987, 2000 and 2014 were extracted, respectively, using Landsat TM, ETM+ and OLI using RS and GIS techniques. Land use changes detected over the past 27 years were analyzed. The CAMarkov model was used to predict the land use pattern for 2024. Results show that agricultural land and human built areas increased but bare land decreased during the period 1987-2014. The simulated land use map for 2024 indicates an incremental trend in agricultural land (from 24.53% to 25.67%) and also in human built areas (from 2.69% to 3.75%) during 2014-2028. These results can play useful role to improve land use management strategies in the study area.https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_97589_d26bfbe8abbcbd6a70ef10b58c51eb1f.pdf