Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Morphometric and Molecular Diversity in Some Species of the Genus Alopecurus L. in Iran
Morphometric and Molecular Diversity in Some Species of the Genus Alopecurus L. in Iran
96169
FA
Masoud
Sheidai
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
Sodabeh
Jaffari
Department of Botany, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C., Tehran, Iran
Zahra
Noormohammadi
Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 125.44px; top: 613.307px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02279);" dir="ltr">Morphometric and molecular studies were performed on </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 630.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.17994);" dir="ltr">the three species and two varieties of </span><span style="left: 318.08px; top: 630.43px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988607);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 367.04px; top: 630.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969085);" dir="ltr">. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 647.547px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11042);" dir="ltr">Numerical taxonomic studies were performed on 14 </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 664.827px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.21671);" dir="ltr">populations using 37 morphological characters. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 682.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0968);" dir="ltr">Clustering and PCA ordination separated the species </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 699.067px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07447);" dir="ltr">studied in different clusters. Factor analysis identified </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 716.347px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09168);" dir="ltr">the most variable morphological characteristics to be </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 733.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10694);" dir="ltr">used in </span><span style="left: 165.76px; top: 733.47px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995054);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 215.04px; top: 733.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14347);" dir="ltr"> species delimitation. Out of ten </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 750.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07826);" dir="ltr">RAPD primers used, five primers produce 115 bands. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 767.867px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07602);" dir="ltr">Six bands were common to all three species while the </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 785.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0325);" dir="ltr">other bands were polymorph. Some bands were specific </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 802.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.964417);" dir="ltr">to </span><span style="left: 136.32px; top: 801.95px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977299);" dir="ltr">A. myosuroides</span><span style="left: 202.88px; top: 802.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01689);" dir="ltr">, while some other bands were specific </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 819.387px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988394);" dir="ltr">for </span><span style="left: 144.96px; top: 819.23px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06077);" dir="ltr">A. textilis</span><span style="left: 190.08px; top: 819.387px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23886);" dir="ltr"> and may be considered as loci for </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 836.667px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11715);" dir="ltr">discriminating between these two species. UPGMA </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 853.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01482);" dir="ltr">clustering and PCO ordination of the </span><span style="left: 287.04px; top: 853.47px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988607);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 336px; top: 853.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01375);" dir="ltr"> species </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 870.907px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03077);" dir="ltr">based on RAPD data showed the species distinctiveness </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 888.187px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05256);" dir="ltr">supporting the morphological results. </span><span style="left: 296.96px; top: 888.03px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04432);" dir="ltr">A. arundinaceus</span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 905.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05125);" dir="ltr">also showed greater similarity to </span><span style="left: 274.88px; top: 904.99px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996076);" dir="ltr">A. myosuroides</span><span style="left: 342.72px; top: 905.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13087);" dir="ltr"> in its </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 922.427px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08708);" dir="ltr">molecular characteristics indicating the use of RAPD </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 939.707px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995498);" dir="ltr">data in </span><span style="left: 156.48px; top: 939.55px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995054);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 205.76px; top: 939.707px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00964);" dir="ltr"> species delimitation.</span>
<span style="left: 125.44px; top: 613.307px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02279);" dir="ltr">Morphometric and molecular studies were performed on </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 630.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.17994);" dir="ltr">the three species and two varieties of </span><span style="left: 318.08px; top: 630.43px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988607);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 367.04px; top: 630.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969085);" dir="ltr">. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 647.547px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11042);" dir="ltr">Numerical taxonomic studies were performed on 14 </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 664.827px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.21671);" dir="ltr">populations using 37 morphological characters. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 682.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0968);" dir="ltr">Clustering and PCA ordination separated the species </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 699.067px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07447);" dir="ltr">studied in different clusters. Factor analysis identified </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 716.347px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09168);" dir="ltr">the most variable morphological characteristics to be </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 733.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10694);" dir="ltr">used in </span><span style="left: 165.76px; top: 733.47px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995054);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 215.04px; top: 733.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14347);" dir="ltr"> species delimitation. Out of ten </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 750.587px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07826);" dir="ltr">RAPD primers used, five primers produce 115 bands. </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 767.867px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07602);" dir="ltr">Six bands were common to all three species while the </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 785.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0325);" dir="ltr">other bands were polymorph. Some bands were specific </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 802.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.964417);" dir="ltr">to </span><span style="left: 136.32px; top: 801.95px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977299);" dir="ltr">A. myosuroides</span><span style="left: 202.88px; top: 802.107px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01689);" dir="ltr">, while some other bands were specific </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 819.387px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988394);" dir="ltr">for </span><span style="left: 144.96px; top: 819.23px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06077);" dir="ltr">A. textilis</span><span style="left: 190.08px; top: 819.387px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23886);" dir="ltr"> and may be considered as loci for </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 836.667px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11715);" dir="ltr">discriminating between these two species. UPGMA </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 853.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01482);" dir="ltr">clustering and PCO ordination of the </span><span style="left: 287.04px; top: 853.47px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988607);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 336px; top: 853.627px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01375);" dir="ltr"> species </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 870.907px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03077);" dir="ltr">based on RAPD data showed the species distinctiveness </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 888.187px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05256);" dir="ltr">supporting the morphological results. </span><span style="left: 296.96px; top: 888.03px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04432);" dir="ltr">A. arundinaceus</span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 905.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05125);" dir="ltr">also showed greater similarity to </span><span style="left: 274.88px; top: 904.99px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.996076);" dir="ltr">A. myosuroides</span><span style="left: 342.72px; top: 905.147px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13087);" dir="ltr"> in its </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 922.427px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08708);" dir="ltr">molecular characteristics indicating the use of RAPD </span><span style="left: 125.44px; top: 939.707px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995498);" dir="ltr">data in </span><span style="left: 156.48px; top: 939.55px; font-size: 10.7691px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995054);" dir="ltr">Alopecurus</span><span style="left: 205.76px; top: 939.707px; font-size: 10.56px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00964);" dir="ltr"> species delimitation.</span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96169_52b999f3c2fa1890ca930ebc66f20d2d.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Urban Design & Landscape Architecture: Two Professions, One Goal?
Urban Design & Landscape Architecture: Two Professions, One Goal?
96216
FA
Sina
Razzaghi Asl
Ph.D Candidate in Landscape Architecture, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology.
Mohsen
Faizi
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Architecture & Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology.
Mostafa
Behzadfar
Department of urban studies, Faculty of Architecture & Environmental Design, Iran University of Science and Technology
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 127.68px; top: 613.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07829);" dir="ltr">Urban Design and Landscape Architecture are </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 626.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04096);" dir="ltr">designated as new arts /sciences that are formed </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 638.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08039);" dir="ltr">through a combination of different artistic and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 651.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06216);" dir="ltr">scientific disciplines. The formal emergence of </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 664.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01281);" dir="ltr">urban design happened in 1960's while landscape </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 677.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07945);" dir="ltr">architecture existed from the beginning of 20</span><span style="left: 364.8px; top: 675.067px; font-size: 8px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.903378);" dir="ltr">th</span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 690.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14823);" dir="ltr">century. Success of these fields even after a </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 702.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07912);" dir="ltr">century can mainly attributed to their focus on </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 715.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04142);" dir="ltr">environmental quality of public realms in cities. </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 728.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04701);" dir="ltr">The modernity of these two fields and activities </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 741.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06538);" dir="ltr">regarding their goal and their view towards the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 754.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0923);" dir="ltr">aspects of the public domain, have resulted in </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 767.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23295);" dir="ltr">ambiguous definitions which have made </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 780.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01161);" dir="ltr">distinguishing them difficult. This article reviews </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 792.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02217);" dir="ltr">the background features of the two fields such as </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 805.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12816);" dir="ltr">definitions and approaches to understanding </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 818.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.21841);" dir="ltr">concepts and signifies the separating and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 831.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03528);" dir="ltr">identification points with suitable suggestions at </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 844.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07939);" dir="ltr">the end. The results of this work show that the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 856.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08558);" dir="ltr">differences of the two fields, are related to the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 869.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.22501);" dir="ltr">"scale and functional domain", "intrinsic </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 882.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0232);" dir="ltr">emphases on particular environmental variables" </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 895.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997811);" dir="ltr">and their "backgrounds". The identification points </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 908.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998784);" dir="ltr">also depend on their association with architecture, </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 920.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.24542);" dir="ltr">urbanism and environmental design and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 933.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984595);" dir="ltr">management as the most important task.</span>
<span style="left: 127.68px; top: 613.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07829);" dir="ltr">Urban Design and Landscape Architecture are </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 626.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04096);" dir="ltr">designated as new arts /sciences that are formed </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 638.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08039);" dir="ltr">through a combination of different artistic and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 651.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06216);" dir="ltr">scientific disciplines. The formal emergence of </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 664.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01281);" dir="ltr">urban design happened in 1960's while landscape </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 677.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07945);" dir="ltr">architecture existed from the beginning of 20</span><span style="left: 364.8px; top: 675.067px; font-size: 8px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.903378);" dir="ltr">th</span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 690.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14823);" dir="ltr">century. Success of these fields even after a </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 702.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07912);" dir="ltr">century can mainly attributed to their focus on </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 715.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04142);" dir="ltr">environmental quality of public realms in cities. </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 728.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04701);" dir="ltr">The modernity of these two fields and activities </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 741.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06538);" dir="ltr">regarding their goal and their view towards the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 754.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0923);" dir="ltr">aspects of the public domain, have resulted in </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 767.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23295);" dir="ltr">ambiguous definitions which have made </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 780.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01161);" dir="ltr">distinguishing them difficult. This article reviews </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 792.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02217);" dir="ltr">the background features of the two fields such as </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 805.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12816);" dir="ltr">definitions and approaches to understanding </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 818.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.21841);" dir="ltr">concepts and signifies the separating and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 831.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03528);" dir="ltr">identification points with suitable suggestions at </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 844.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07939);" dir="ltr">the end. The results of this work show that the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 856.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08558);" dir="ltr">differences of the two fields, are related to the </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 869.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.22501);" dir="ltr">"scale and functional domain", "intrinsic </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 882.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0232);" dir="ltr">emphases on particular environmental variables" </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 895.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997811);" dir="ltr">and their "backgrounds". The identification points </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 908.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.998784);" dir="ltr">also depend on their association with architecture, </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 920.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.24542);" dir="ltr">urbanism and environmental design and </span><span style="left: 127.68px; top: 933.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984595);" dir="ltr">management as the most important task.</span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96216_119a0cffc58b8aa592b42989f05398c1.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon Bioremediation by A Fungi Consortium
Soil Petroleum Hydrocarbon Bioremediation by A Fungi Consortium
96191
FA
Leyla
Gheyrati Arani
Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Karaj Payame Noor University Tehran.
Venkat
Gunale
Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, Pune University
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 113.76px; top: 568.464px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10297);" dir="ltr">Soil pollution is receiving greater and greater </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 584.592px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07507);" dir="ltr">attention due to its direct impact on soil, water </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 600.72px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14767);" dir="ltr">and public health. Remediation of soil is an </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 616.848px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02698);" dir="ltr">important means of restoring soil back to natural </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 632.976px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.18569);" dir="ltr">condition. The present work was aimed to </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 649.104px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04441);" dir="ltr">examining a method of soil decontamination by </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 665.232px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13772);" dir="ltr">means of biodegradation which is of crucial </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 681.36px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05302);" dir="ltr">ecological significance as its basic mechanisms </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 697.488px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0028);" dir="ltr">are based on natural processes. A high percentage </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 713.616px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0772);" dir="ltr">of hydrocarbon reduction was obtained during </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 730.032px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995894);" dir="ltr">nutrient and bulking agent stimulation. During the </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 746.16px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01355);" dir="ltr">first 30 days, the first-order</span><span style="left: 237.888px; top: 746.16px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00558);" dir="ltr">TPH degradation rate </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02063);" dir="ltr">constant (k</span><span style="left: 163.008px; top: 766.824px; font-size: 7.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">1</span><span style="left: 166.464px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03733);" dir="ltr">) was lower for the</span><span style="left: 254.88px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.004);" dir="ltr">treatment without </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 778.416px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08467);" dir="ltr">nutrients (natural attenuation) followed by the </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 794.544px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01218);" dir="ltr">augmentation, augmentation plus stimulation and </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 810.672px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.990863);" dir="ltr">stimulation treatments respectively.</span>
<span style="left: 113.76px; top: 568.464px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10297);" dir="ltr">Soil pollution is receiving greater and greater </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 584.592px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07507);" dir="ltr">attention due to its direct impact on soil, water </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 600.72px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14767);" dir="ltr">and public health. Remediation of soil is an </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 616.848px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02698);" dir="ltr">important means of restoring soil back to natural </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 632.976px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.18569);" dir="ltr">condition. The present work was aimed to </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 649.104px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04441);" dir="ltr">examining a method of soil decontamination by </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 665.232px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13772);" dir="ltr">means of biodegradation which is of crucial </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 681.36px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05302);" dir="ltr">ecological significance as its basic mechanisms </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 697.488px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0028);" dir="ltr">are based on natural processes. A high percentage </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 713.616px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0772);" dir="ltr">of hydrocarbon reduction was obtained during </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 730.032px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995894);" dir="ltr">nutrient and bulking agent stimulation. During the </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 746.16px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01355);" dir="ltr">first 30 days, the first-order</span><span style="left: 237.888px; top: 746.16px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00558);" dir="ltr">TPH degradation rate </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02063);" dir="ltr">constant (k</span><span style="left: 163.008px; top: 766.824px; font-size: 7.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">1</span><span style="left: 166.464px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03733);" dir="ltr">) was lower for the</span><span style="left: 254.88px; top: 762.288px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.004);" dir="ltr">treatment without </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 778.416px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08467);" dir="ltr">nutrients (natural attenuation) followed by the </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 794.544px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01218);" dir="ltr">augmentation, augmentation plus stimulation and </span><span style="left: 113.76px; top: 810.672px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.990863);" dir="ltr">stimulation treatments respectively.</span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96191_5980200d4713e86493411a71a692a246.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Effect of Fire on Vegetation Cover of Steppe Rangelands( A Case Study in Yazd Province, Iran )
Effect of Fire on Vegetation Cover of Steppe Rangelands( A Case Study in Yazd Province, Iran )
96184
FA
Naser
Baghestani Maybodi
Research Department of Natural Resources, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Iran.
Mehdi
Farahpour
Research Department of Range Management, Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Iran
Mohammad Taghi
Zare
Research Department of Natural Resources, Yazd Agricultural and Natural Resources Research Center, Iran
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 122.24px; top: 547.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08997);" dir="ltr">The effectiveness of prescribed fire as a range </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 561.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05371);" dir="ltr">management tool was examined in this study in </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 575.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0802);" dir="ltr">the Yazd province of Iran. One hectare of land </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 589.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03165);" dir="ltr">was divided into four 20 x 125 m blocks. Blocks </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 603.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01642);" dir="ltr">were split into five 20 x 25 m experimental plots. </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 617.867px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03749);" dir="ltr">Seasonal burning was randomly applied on each </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 631.947px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04348);" dir="ltr">plot in 2004. One plot was also left unburnt as a </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 646.027px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992549);" dir="ltr">control. Data were collected in 2005 and 2006 and </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 660.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0621);" dir="ltr">analyzed. The results show that the response of </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 674.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02618);" dir="ltr">species to fire varies within the season as well as </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 688.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03691);" dir="ltr">among seasons. The minimum burning effect on </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 702.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15107);" dir="ltr">vegetation cover was observed for the most </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 716.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14757);" dir="ltr">desirable plant (</span><span style="left: 208.32px; top: 716.246px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0657);" dir="ltr">Salsola rigida)</span><span style="left: 284.16px; top: 716.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15278);" dir="ltr"> in response to </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 730.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.18778);" dir="ltr">winter fire treatment. Fire eliminated both </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 744.406px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985048);" dir="ltr">Artemisia sieberi</span><span style="left: 205.12px; top: 744.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993803);" dir="ltr"> and </span><span style="left: 229.44px; top: 744.406px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00454);" dir="ltr">Stipa barbata</span><span style="left: 295.68px; top: 744.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00246);" dir="ltr">, the two other </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 758.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03308);" dir="ltr">important species found on the range. Reduction </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 772.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02212);" dir="ltr">of undesirable species, such as </span><span style="left: 279.04px; top: 772.566px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00063);" dir="ltr">Noaea mucronata</span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 786.827px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00113);" dir="ltr">and </span><span style="left: 144.96px; top: 786.646px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00465);" dir="ltr">Cousinia deserti</span><span style="left: 225.92px; top: 786.827px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04403);" dir="ltr"> was also considerable. The </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 800.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00716);" dir="ltr">percentage cover of other undesirable species, i.e. </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 814.806px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02947);" dir="ltr">Scariola orientalis</span><span style="left: 215.04px; top: 814.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06493);" dir="ltr">, did not change significantly </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 829.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01111);" dir="ltr">(p < 0.05). We concluded that, although it burning </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 843.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00811);" dir="ltr">eliminated some species, it could not eradicate all </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 857.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03632);" dir="ltr">undesirable species. It also failed to promote the </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 871.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991714);" dir="ltr">desired species in terms of vegetation cover. So, at </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 885.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00188);" dir="ltr">least in the short term, burning is not considered a </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 899.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03031);" dir="ltr">range improvement tool for steppe rangelands in </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 913.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997403);" dir="ltr">Iran. </span>
<span style="left: 122.24px; top: 547.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08997);" dir="ltr">The effectiveness of prescribed fire as a range </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 561.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05371);" dir="ltr">management tool was examined in this study in </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 575.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0802);" dir="ltr">the Yazd province of Iran. One hectare of land </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 589.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03165);" dir="ltr">was divided into four 20 x 125 m blocks. Blocks </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 603.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01642);" dir="ltr">were split into five 20 x 25 m experimental plots. </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 617.867px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03749);" dir="ltr">Seasonal burning was randomly applied on each </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 631.947px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04348);" dir="ltr">plot in 2004. One plot was also left unburnt as a </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 646.027px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992549);" dir="ltr">control. Data were collected in 2005 and 2006 and </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 660.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0621);" dir="ltr">analyzed. The results show that the response of </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 674.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02618);" dir="ltr">species to fire varies within the season as well as </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 688.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03691);" dir="ltr">among seasons. The minimum burning effect on </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 702.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15107);" dir="ltr">vegetation cover was observed for the most </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 716.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14757);" dir="ltr">desirable plant (</span><span style="left: 208.32px; top: 716.246px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0657);" dir="ltr">Salsola rigida)</span><span style="left: 284.16px; top: 716.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15278);" dir="ltr"> in response to </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 730.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.18778);" dir="ltr">winter fire treatment. Fire eliminated both </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 744.406px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985048);" dir="ltr">Artemisia sieberi</span><span style="left: 205.12px; top: 744.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.993803);" dir="ltr"> and </span><span style="left: 229.44px; top: 744.406px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00454);" dir="ltr">Stipa barbata</span><span style="left: 295.68px; top: 744.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00246);" dir="ltr">, the two other </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 758.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03308);" dir="ltr">important species found on the range. Reduction </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 772.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02212);" dir="ltr">of undesirable species, such as </span><span style="left: 279.04px; top: 772.566px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00063);" dir="ltr">Noaea mucronata</span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 786.827px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00113);" dir="ltr">and </span><span style="left: 144.96px; top: 786.646px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00465);" dir="ltr">Cousinia deserti</span><span style="left: 225.92px; top: 786.827px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04403);" dir="ltr"> was also considerable. The </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 800.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00716);" dir="ltr">percentage cover of other undesirable species, i.e. </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 814.806px; font-size: 12.4008px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02947);" dir="ltr">Scariola orientalis</span><span style="left: 215.04px; top: 814.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06493);" dir="ltr">, did not change significantly </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 829.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01111);" dir="ltr">(p < 0.05). We concluded that, although it burning </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 843.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00811);" dir="ltr">eliminated some species, it could not eradicate all </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 857.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03632);" dir="ltr">undesirable species. It also failed to promote the </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 871.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991714);" dir="ltr">desired species in terms of vegetation cover. So, at </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 885.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00188);" dir="ltr">least in the short term, burning is not considered a </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 899.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03031);" dir="ltr">range improvement tool for steppe rangelands in </span><span style="left: 122.24px; top: 913.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.997403);" dir="ltr">Iran. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96184_bf9c7e08df064734c951ee48b1b3d6a5.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
The Best Architectural Form for BiPV in Tehran
The Best Architectural Form for BiPV in Tehran
96176
FA
Alireza
Farsi Mohammadi Pour
Department of Architecture, Faculty of Engineering, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran.
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 114.336px; top: 542.256px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980937);" dir="ltr">Achieving sustainable architecture may be feasible </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 553.488px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02223);" dir="ltr">by using renewable energies. Solar power can be </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 564.432px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95799);" dir="ltr">exploited in building via photovoltaic and collectors </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 575.664px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02953);" dir="ltr">to produce electricity and heat and it will lead to </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 586.896px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01404);" dir="ltr">GHG reduction. Building integrated photovoltaic </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 598.128px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12737);" dir="ltr">(BiPV) systems can form a cohesive design, </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 609.36px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09144);" dir="ltr">construction, and energy solution for the built </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 620.592px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0628);" dir="ltr">environment. PVs produce electricity and have </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 631.536px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984865);" dir="ltr">special aspects that can be utilized. The expressive </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 642.768px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05992);" dir="ltr">and impressive aspect of a photovoltaic system </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 654px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13581);" dir="ltr">designed and applied on the envelope of the </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 665.232px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944232);" dir="ltr">buildings can not be ignored and the architect should </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 676.464px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01047);" dir="ltr">appreciate PV's abilities to perform as an exterior </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 687.408px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.971589);" dir="ltr">material as well. Designing a BiPV needs a team in </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 698.64px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979996);" dir="ltr">which everyone plays his/her own role to reach the </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 709.872px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.939756);" dir="ltr">maximum output through the system. This paper will </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 721.104px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957511);" dir="ltr">analyze the best architectural form and specification </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 732.336px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01642);" dir="ltr">of a BiPV in Tehran. In this research diagrams of </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 743.28px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06724);" dir="ltr">annual and seasonal total of global radiation in </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 754.512px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00162);" dir="ltr">Tehran will be produced. With regard to diagrams </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 765.744px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00828);" dir="ltr">the best tilt angle will be discussed. Finally, some </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 776.976px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04155);" dir="ltr">basic forms such as cube, prism and box will be </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 788.208px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.942824);" dir="ltr">analyzed to receive the maximum solar radiation and </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 799.152px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.928199);" dir="ltr">an isosceles triangle for the best choice. </span>
<span style="left: 114.336px; top: 542.256px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980937);" dir="ltr">Achieving sustainable architecture may be feasible </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 553.488px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02223);" dir="ltr">by using renewable energies. Solar power can be </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 564.432px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95799);" dir="ltr">exploited in building via photovoltaic and collectors </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 575.664px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02953);" dir="ltr">to produce electricity and heat and it will lead to </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 586.896px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01404);" dir="ltr">GHG reduction. Building integrated photovoltaic </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 598.128px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12737);" dir="ltr">(BiPV) systems can form a cohesive design, </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 609.36px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09144);" dir="ltr">construction, and energy solution for the built </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 620.592px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0628);" dir="ltr">environment. PVs produce electricity and have </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 631.536px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984865);" dir="ltr">special aspects that can be utilized. The expressive </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 642.768px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05992);" dir="ltr">and impressive aspect of a photovoltaic system </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 654px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13581);" dir="ltr">designed and applied on the envelope of the </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 665.232px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944232);" dir="ltr">buildings can not be ignored and the architect should </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 676.464px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01047);" dir="ltr">appreciate PV's abilities to perform as an exterior </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 687.408px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.971589);" dir="ltr">material as well. Designing a BiPV needs a team in </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 698.64px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.979996);" dir="ltr">which everyone plays his/her own role to reach the </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 709.872px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.939756);" dir="ltr">maximum output through the system. This paper will </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 721.104px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957511);" dir="ltr">analyze the best architectural form and specification </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 732.336px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01642);" dir="ltr">of a BiPV in Tehran. In this research diagrams of </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 743.28px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06724);" dir="ltr">annual and seasonal total of global radiation in </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 754.512px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00162);" dir="ltr">Tehran will be produced. With regard to diagrams </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 765.744px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00828);" dir="ltr">the best tilt angle will be discussed. Finally, some </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 776.976px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04155);" dir="ltr">basic forms such as cube, prism and box will be </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 788.208px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.942824);" dir="ltr">analyzed to receive the maximum solar radiation and </span><span style="left: 114.336px; top: 799.152px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.928199);" dir="ltr">an isosceles triangle for the best choice. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96176_e678417e26988a5ded2378ae223a8d0e.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Agricultural and Horticultural Biodiversity in Plant Families with an Emphasis on Biodiversity Management and Climate Change
Agricultural and Horticultural Biodiversity in Plant Families with an Emphasis on Biodiversity Management and Climate Change
96224
FA
Karl
Hammer
Department of Arobiodiversity, University of Kassel, Germany
Korous
Khoshbakht
Department of Agroecology, Environmental Science Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, G.C. Tehran
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 127.36px; top: 604.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13857);" dir="ltr">Species richness in relation to crop plants is </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 624.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1046);" dir="ltr">analyzed within the families of higher plants. </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 645.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11077);" dir="ltr">Three groups have been made: (1) more than </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 666.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05291);" dir="ltr">10.000 species (5 families), (2) 1.000 to 10.000 </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 686.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03528);" dir="ltr">species (50 families), (3) less than 1.000 species </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 707.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05364);" dir="ltr">(20 families). Thus about 224.000 species from </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 728.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08125);" dir="ltr">the estimated 250.000 species of higher plants </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 749.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07522);" dir="ltr">have been included in this study. According to </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 769.867px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0368);" dir="ltr">Hanelt and IPK (2001), altogether 7,000 species </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 790.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.28506);" dir="ltr">of crop plants exist. There is a positive </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 811.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07101);" dir="ltr">correlation (r = + 0.56) between the number of </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 831.947px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03704);" dir="ltr">crop plants and species diversity of the families. </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 852.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1828);" dir="ltr">Important crop species within the selected </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 873.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984541);" dir="ltr">families are indicated. </span>
<span style="left: 127.36px; top: 604.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13857);" dir="ltr">Species richness in relation to crop plants is </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 624.907px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1046);" dir="ltr">analyzed within the families of higher plants. </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 645.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11077);" dir="ltr">Three groups have been made: (1) more than </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 666.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05291);" dir="ltr">10.000 species (5 families), (2) 1.000 to 10.000 </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 686.987px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03528);" dir="ltr">species (50 families), (3) less than 1.000 species </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 707.787px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05364);" dir="ltr">(20 families). Thus about 224.000 species from </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 728.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08125);" dir="ltr">the estimated 250.000 species of higher plants </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 749.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07522);" dir="ltr">have been included in this study. According to </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 769.867px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0368);" dir="ltr">Hanelt and IPK (2001), altogether 7,000 species </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 790.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.28506);" dir="ltr">of crop plants exist. There is a positive </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 811.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07101);" dir="ltr">correlation (r = + 0.56) between the number of </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 831.947px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03704);" dir="ltr">crop plants and species diversity of the families. </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 852.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1828);" dir="ltr">Important crop species within the selected </span><span style="left: 127.36px; top: 873.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984541);" dir="ltr">families are indicated. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96224_375be1ddbef768770eaf16146b268449.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Developing a Framework of Indicator System for Measurement of Urban Environmental Quality A Case Study From Tehran
Developing a Framework of Indicator System for Measurement of Urban Environmental Quality A Case Study From Tehran
96209
FA
Mojtaba
Rafieian
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Tarbiat Modares University
Esmaile
Shieh
Department of Urban and Regional Planning, Faculty of Planning and Architecture, University of Science and Technology
Ayoobb
Sharifi
PhD Candidate, Department of Architecture and Environmental Engineer, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Japan
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 123.2px; top: 546.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00164);" dir="ltr">Cities are complex and dynamic entities which are the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 558.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02778);" dir="ltr">main habitat of mankind. Nowadays cities are facing </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 570.587px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11626);" dir="ltr">various challenges that threaten their quality and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 582.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.964015);" dir="ltr">consequently that of urban residential areas. Developing </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 593.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.976756);" dir="ltr">relevant indicators is a vital step toward assessing these </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954018);" dir="ltr">environments</span><span style="left: 181.76px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 184.96px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08162);" dir="ltr"> quality and can led to better decision </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 617.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08824);" dir="ltr">making. The aim of this paper is to develop a tool </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 629.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10321);" dir="ltr">comprising relevant indicators and to assess their </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 640.987px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02896);" dir="ltr">relative importance for measuring the environmental </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 652.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981483);" dir="ltr">quality of dwellings and urban neighborhoods. Impetus </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 664.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06956);" dir="ltr">for the research was a need to inform planning and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 675.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11178);" dir="ltr">policy decisions in the Tehran metropolitan area. </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 687.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991085);" dir="ltr">Residents of two Tehran neighborhoods participated in </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 699.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13906);" dir="ltr">this study. During interviews, respondents were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 711.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15518);" dir="ltr">presented with five tasks: an inventory task, an </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 722.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954583);" dir="ltr">importance selection task, a grouping task, a ranking and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 734.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95922);" dir="ltr">rating task for groups of attributes, and finally, a ranking </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 746.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01701);" dir="ltr">and rating task for attributes within each group. After </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 758.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10402);" dir="ltr">acquiring the needed data, attribute weights were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 769.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982617);" dir="ltr">calculated using four weight estimation methods. Next, </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 781.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13174);" dir="ltr">the effects of neighborhood, sex, and age on the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 793.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.17349);" dir="ltr">observed differences in attribute weights were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 805.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01178);" dir="ltr">examined, and a Comparison between the methods of </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 816.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0018);" dir="ltr">attributes weight calculation was conducted. Based on </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 828.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957762);" dir="ltr">two cluster solution methods, attributes were assigned to </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 840.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04178);" dir="ltr">different clusters. These resulting clusters were then </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 851.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23261);" dir="ltr">used to design the empirical model of urban </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 863.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00593);" dir="ltr">environmental quality. In the end, after comparing the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 875.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00352);" dir="ltr">results of current study with those of previous studies, </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 887.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00426);" dir="ltr">some amendments are suggested to be incorporated in </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 898.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02213);" dir="ltr">revision of Iranian urban planning process, and some </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 910.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09286);" dir="ltr">implications are presented for urban development </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 922.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963895);" dir="ltr">policy. </span>
<span style="left: 123.2px; top: 546.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00164);" dir="ltr">Cities are complex and dynamic entities which are the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 558.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02778);" dir="ltr">main habitat of mankind. Nowadays cities are facing </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 570.587px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11626);" dir="ltr">various challenges that threaten their quality and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 582.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.964015);" dir="ltr">consequently that of urban residential areas. Developing </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 593.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.976756);" dir="ltr">relevant indicators is a vital step toward assessing these </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954018);" dir="ltr">environments</span><span style="left: 181.76px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 184.96px; top: 605.787px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08162);" dir="ltr"> quality and can led to better decision </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 617.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08824);" dir="ltr">making. The aim of this paper is to develop a tool </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 629.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10321);" dir="ltr">comprising relevant indicators and to assess their </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 640.987px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02896);" dir="ltr">relative importance for measuring the environmental </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 652.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.981483);" dir="ltr">quality of dwellings and urban neighborhoods. Impetus </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 664.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06956);" dir="ltr">for the research was a need to inform planning and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 675.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11178);" dir="ltr">policy decisions in the Tehran metropolitan area. </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 687.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991085);" dir="ltr">Residents of two Tehran neighborhoods participated in </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 699.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13906);" dir="ltr">this study. During interviews, respondents were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 711.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.15518);" dir="ltr">presented with five tasks: an inventory task, an </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 722.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954583);" dir="ltr">importance selection task, a grouping task, a ranking and </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 734.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.95922);" dir="ltr">rating task for groups of attributes, and finally, a ranking </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 746.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01701);" dir="ltr">and rating task for attributes within each group. After </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 758.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10402);" dir="ltr">acquiring the needed data, attribute weights were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 769.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.982617);" dir="ltr">calculated using four weight estimation methods. Next, </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 781.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13174);" dir="ltr">the effects of neighborhood, sex, and age on the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 793.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.17349);" dir="ltr">observed differences in attribute weights were </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 805.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01178);" dir="ltr">examined, and a Comparison between the methods of </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 816.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0018);" dir="ltr">attributes weight calculation was conducted. Based on </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 828.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957762);" dir="ltr">two cluster solution methods, attributes were assigned to </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 840.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04178);" dir="ltr">different clusters. These resulting clusters were then </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 851.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.23261);" dir="ltr">used to design the empirical model of urban </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 863.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00593);" dir="ltr">environmental quality. In the end, after comparing the </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 875.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00352);" dir="ltr">results of current study with those of previous studies, </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 887.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00426);" dir="ltr">some amendments are suggested to be incorporated in </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 898.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02213);" dir="ltr">revision of Iranian urban planning process, and some </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 910.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09286);" dir="ltr">implications are presented for urban development </span><span style="left: 123.2px; top: 922.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963895);" dir="ltr">policy. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96209_6fa1b5d9090e4ffe1481a438699b64f1.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Ability of Glomus mosseae-Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Association for Heavy Metal Phytoextraction from Soil
Ability of Glomus mosseae-Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) Association for Heavy Metal Phytoextraction from Soil
96200
FA
Faezeh
Zaefarian
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Crop Sciences, Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Mazandaran, Iran
Mohammad
Rezvani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Ghaemshahr Branch, Iran
Farhad
Rejali
Department of Soil Biology, Soil and Water Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
Mohammad Reza
Ardakani
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Karaj Branch, Iran
Ghorban
Noormohammadi
Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Resources, Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Iran
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 132.352px; top: 641.285px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00734);" dir="ltr">A pot experiment was conducted to determine the </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 660.997px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13921);" dir="ltr">phytoextractive ability of alfalfa plants both </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 680.709px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977553);" dir="ltr">inoculated (I) and non-inoculated (I0) with </span><span style="left: 360.8px; top: 680.511px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.9273);" dir="ltr">Glomus </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 700.223px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975942);" dir="ltr">mosseae</span><span style="left: 176px; top: 700.421px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07806);" dir="ltr"> under different combinations of heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 720.133px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14317);" dir="ltr">metal pollution. Alfalfa inoculated and non-</span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 739.845px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999426);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants were exposed to Cadmium (Cd), </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 759.557px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969078);" dir="ltr">Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Cd*Co, Cd*Pb, Pb*Co and </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 779.269px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04736);" dir="ltr">Cd*Pb*Co in a factorial experiment. The heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 798.981px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03451);" dir="ltr">metal concentrations in the leaves, stems, shoots </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 818.693px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03258);" dir="ltr">and roots were measured. In inoculated and non-</span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 838.405px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01571);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants, contamination concentration in </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 858.469px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0056);" dir="ltr">shoots was higher than in root. Findings indicated </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 878.181px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10308);" dir="ltr">that in the triple metal treatment (Cd*Pb*Co) </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 897.893px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991503);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants were preferred. This showed that </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 917.407px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00874);" dir="ltr">G. mosseae</span><span style="left: 194.656px; top: 917.605px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0081);" dir="ltr"> tolerated intensive contamination and </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 937.317px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0317);" dir="ltr">transferred contaminants to alfalfa shoots. These </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 957.029px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05865);" dir="ltr">results suggest that alfalfa inoculated plants are </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 976.741px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0389);" dir="ltr">potentially suitable for phytoextraction of heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 996.453px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959609);" dir="ltr">metals in multiple heavy metal stress</span>
<span style="left: 132.352px; top: 641.285px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00734);" dir="ltr">A pot experiment was conducted to determine the </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 660.997px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13921);" dir="ltr">phytoextractive ability of alfalfa plants both </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 680.709px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.977553);" dir="ltr">inoculated (I) and non-inoculated (I0) with </span><span style="left: 360.8px; top: 680.511px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.9273);" dir="ltr">Glomus </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 700.223px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.975942);" dir="ltr">mosseae</span><span style="left: 176px; top: 700.421px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07806);" dir="ltr"> under different combinations of heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 720.133px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14317);" dir="ltr">metal pollution. Alfalfa inoculated and non-</span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 739.845px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999426);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants were exposed to Cadmium (Cd), </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 759.557px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969078);" dir="ltr">Lead (Pb), Cobalt (Co), Cd*Co, Cd*Pb, Pb*Co and </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 779.269px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04736);" dir="ltr">Cd*Pb*Co in a factorial experiment. The heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 798.981px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03451);" dir="ltr">metal concentrations in the leaves, stems, shoots </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 818.693px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03258);" dir="ltr">and roots were measured. In inoculated and non-</span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 838.405px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01571);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants, contamination concentration in </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 858.469px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0056);" dir="ltr">shoots was higher than in root. Findings indicated </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 878.181px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10308);" dir="ltr">that in the triple metal treatment (Cd*Pb*Co) </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 897.893px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991503);" dir="ltr">inoculated plants were preferred. This showed that </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 917.407px; font-size: 13.6409px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00874);" dir="ltr">G. mosseae</span><span style="left: 194.656px; top: 917.605px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0081);" dir="ltr"> tolerated intensive contamination and </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 937.317px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0317);" dir="ltr">transferred contaminants to alfalfa shoots. These </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 957.029px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05865);" dir="ltr">results suggest that alfalfa inoculated plants are </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 976.741px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0389);" dir="ltr">potentially suitable for phytoextraction of heavy </span><span style="left: 132.352px; top: 996.453px; font-size: 13.376px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959609);" dir="ltr">metals in multiple heavy metal stress</span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96200_16d808cccd6c60827f9a48e29f1e2b96.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Possible Impact of Caspian Sea Level Rise on the Natural Habitat of the Anzali Lagoon in the North of Iran
Possible Impact of Caspian Sea Level Rise on the Natural Habitat of the Anzali Lagoon in the North of Iran
96158
FA
Yousef
Filizadeh
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Shahed University Tehran, Iran
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 128px; top: 616.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06645);" dir="ltr">Flooding due to Caspian Sea level rise (CSLR) </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 629.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04536);" dir="ltr">resulting from climate change may have serious </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 642.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08964);" dir="ltr">ecological and socio-economic consequences. </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 654.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.22137);" dir="ltr">According to estimates from the Caspian </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 667.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01736);" dir="ltr">Environment Programme (CEP), global warming </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 680.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03601);" dir="ltr">until 2016 may cause a relative CSLR in Iranian </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991767);" dir="ltr">coastal area of 20</span><span style="left: 212.8px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 218.88px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992189);" dir="ltr">120 cm. </span><span style="left: 260.8px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987063);" dir="ltr">Rising the Caspian Sea </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 705.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10219);" dir="ltr">level will not only inundate low-lying coastal </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 718.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.24855);" dir="ltr">regions, but it will also contribute to the </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 731.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02602);" dir="ltr">redistribution of sediment along sandy coasts. </span><span style="left: 362.24px; top: 731.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00733);" dir="ltr">In </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 743.627px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03688);" dir="ltr">the present paper the possible impact of a CSLR </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 756.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14144);" dir="ltr">of this magnitude on coastal habitat types is </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 769.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12614);" dir="ltr">discussed based on topography at the Anzali </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 781.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00565);" dir="ltr">Lagoon area in the North of Iran. </span><span style="left: 293.44px; top: 781.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988396);" dir="ltr">Coastal marshes </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 794.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00539);" dir="ltr">are susceptible to accelerated CSLR because their </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 807.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04066);" dir="ltr">vertical accretion rates are limited and they may </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 820.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13623);" dir="ltr">drown. As the Anzali Lagoon convert to the </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 832.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1766);" dir="ltr">Caspian Sea, tidal exchange through inlets </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 845.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06628);" dir="ltr">increases, which leads to sand sequestration on </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 858.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00559);" dir="ltr">tidal deltas, erosion of adjacent barrier shorelines, </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 870.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0175);" dir="ltr">and change the ecological conditions. </span><span style="left: 319.04px; top: 870.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01081);" dir="ltr">The CSLR </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 883.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10742);" dir="ltr">is expected to cause a change in groundwater </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 896.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09997);" dir="ltr">level, a horizontal displacement of vegetation </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 909.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14119);" dir="ltr">zones and a reduction in area, depending on </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 921.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04374);" dir="ltr">accretion rate (sedimentation), local topography </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 934.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983594);" dir="ltr">and inland land-use. </span>
<span style="left: 128px; top: 616.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06645);" dir="ltr">Flooding due to Caspian Sea level rise (CSLR) </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 629.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04536);" dir="ltr">resulting from climate change may have serious </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 642.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08964);" dir="ltr">ecological and socio-economic consequences. </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 654.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.22137);" dir="ltr">According to estimates from the Caspian </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 667.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01736);" dir="ltr">Environment Programme (CEP), global warming </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 680.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03601);" dir="ltr">until 2016 may cause a relative CSLR in Iranian </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.991767);" dir="ltr">coastal area of 20</span><span style="left: 212.8px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 218.88px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992189);" dir="ltr">120 cm. </span><span style="left: 260.8px; top: 692.747px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987063);" dir="ltr">Rising the Caspian Sea </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 705.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10219);" dir="ltr">level will not only inundate low-lying coastal </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 718.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.24855);" dir="ltr">regions, but it will also contribute to the </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 731.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02602);" dir="ltr">redistribution of sediment along sandy coasts. </span><span style="left: 362.24px; top: 731.147px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00733);" dir="ltr">In </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 743.627px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03688);" dir="ltr">the present paper the possible impact of a CSLR </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 756.427px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14144);" dir="ltr">of this magnitude on coastal habitat types is </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 769.227px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.12614);" dir="ltr">discussed based on topography at the Anzali </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 781.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00565);" dir="ltr">Lagoon area in the North of Iran. </span><span style="left: 293.44px; top: 781.707px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988396);" dir="ltr">Coastal marshes </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 794.507px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00539);" dir="ltr">are susceptible to accelerated CSLR because their </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 807.307px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04066);" dir="ltr">vertical accretion rates are limited and they may </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 820.107px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13623);" dir="ltr">drown. As the Anzali Lagoon convert to the </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 832.587px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1766);" dir="ltr">Caspian Sea, tidal exchange through inlets </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 845.387px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06628);" dir="ltr">increases, which leads to sand sequestration on </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 858.187px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00559);" dir="ltr">tidal deltas, erosion of adjacent barrier shorelines, </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 870.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0175);" dir="ltr">and change the ecological conditions. </span><span style="left: 319.04px; top: 870.667px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01081);" dir="ltr">The CSLR </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 883.467px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10742);" dir="ltr">is expected to cause a change in groundwater </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 896.267px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09997);" dir="ltr">level, a horizontal displacement of vegetation </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 909.067px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14119);" dir="ltr">zones and a reduction in area, depending on </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 921.547px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04374);" dir="ltr">accretion rate (sedimentation), local topography </span><span style="left: 128px; top: 934.347px; font-size: 12.16px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.983594);" dir="ltr">and inland land-use. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96158_9ccba79edfd17cfc5cd5953daed6f084.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
Multidisciplinary Analysis of Nature, Culture and History in the Archeological Landscape of Iran
Multidisciplinary Analysis of Nature, Culture and History in the Archeological Landscape of Iran
96167
FA
Homa
Irani Behbahani
Department of Environmental Enjineering Design, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran
Behrang
Bahrami
h.D .Student, Environmental planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran
Firoozeh
Agha Ebrahimi Samani
Ph.D .Student, Environmental planning, Faculty of Environment, University of Tehran
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 108.864px; top: 553.2px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944996);" dir="ltr">Parse (Persepolis) in Farvardin plain and Pasargadae </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 564.432px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13623);" dir="ltr">in Marghab plain (two ancient cities in Fars </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 575.376px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1795);" dir="ltr">Province) are well-known World Heritage </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 586.608px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987779);" dir="ltr">archeological sites dating back to the Achaemenid </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 597.84px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957358);" dir="ltr">period (560-330 BC), located in South-Central Iran. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 609.072px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02967);" dir="ltr">The present protective buffers for each site have </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 620.304px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08275);" dir="ltr">been defined without any consideration of the </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 631.248px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0116);" dir="ltr">natural and cultural landscapes that are the major </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 642.48px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992341);" dir="ltr">criteria playing unique roles in their development. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 653.712px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00135);" dir="ltr">The area between Parse and Pasargadae along the </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 664.944px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0804);" dir="ltr">Sivand River and Tang-e Bolaghi valley hosts </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 676.176px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.943936);" dir="ltr">significant natural, cultural and historical landscapes </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 687.408px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.941705);" dir="ltr">in which the above mentioned two sites are only two </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 698.352px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09078);" dir="ltr">small representative heritages among the vast </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 710.448px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02306);" dir="ltr">integrated landscape indicating</span><span style="left: 294.048px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.75721);" dir="ltr">a spatial</span><span style="left: 288.576px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif;" dir="ltr">-</span><span style="left: 252.864px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885916);" dir="ltr">temporal</span><span style="left: 247.392px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif;" dir="ltr">-</span><span style="left: 144.576px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.806796);" dir="ltr">cultural association</span><span style="left: 139.392px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.830016);" dir="ltr"> .</span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.831324);" dir="ltr">The res</span><span style="left: 222.048px; top: 725.136px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.972676);" dir="ltr">ults of this study are: (1) </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 738.672px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06838);" dir="ltr">By studying the historical, natural and cultural </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 749.904px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.939397);" dir="ltr">context and consistency of Parse- Pasargadae region, </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 761.136px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07273);" dir="ltr">the identification of a more suitable protective </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 772.08px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.935948);" dir="ltr">margin for Parse- Pasargadae, cultural landscape as a </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 783.312px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985772);" dir="ltr">unified concept and also to prevent its destruction. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 794.544px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.958137);" dir="ltr">(2) Identifying criteria for the cultural landscape (3) </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 805.776px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05931);" dir="ltr">Recognition that the Qashqa'i pastoralists are a </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 817.008px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.950181);" dir="ltr">special Persian cultural index that has preserved this </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 828.24px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.931095);" dir="ltr">culture for thousands of years. </span>
<span style="left: 108.864px; top: 553.2px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.944996);" dir="ltr">Parse (Persepolis) in Farvardin plain and Pasargadae </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 564.432px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.13623);" dir="ltr">in Marghab plain (two ancient cities in Fars </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 575.376px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.1795);" dir="ltr">Province) are well-known World Heritage </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 586.608px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.987779);" dir="ltr">archeological sites dating back to the Achaemenid </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 597.84px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957358);" dir="ltr">period (560-330 BC), located in South-Central Iran. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 609.072px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02967);" dir="ltr">The present protective buffers for each site have </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 620.304px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08275);" dir="ltr">been defined without any consideration of the </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 631.248px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0116);" dir="ltr">natural and cultural landscapes that are the major </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 642.48px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.992341);" dir="ltr">criteria playing unique roles in their development. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 653.712px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00135);" dir="ltr">The area between Parse and Pasargadae along the </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 664.944px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0804);" dir="ltr">Sivand River and Tang-e Bolaghi valley hosts </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 676.176px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.943936);" dir="ltr">significant natural, cultural and historical landscapes </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 687.408px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.941705);" dir="ltr">in which the above mentioned two sites are only two </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 698.352px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.09078);" dir="ltr">small representative heritages among the vast </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 710.448px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02306);" dir="ltr">integrated landscape indicating</span><span style="left: 294.048px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.75721);" dir="ltr">a spatial</span><span style="left: 288.576px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif;" dir="ltr">-</span><span style="left: 252.864px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.885916);" dir="ltr">temporal</span><span style="left: 247.392px; top: 710.354px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif;" dir="ltr">-</span><span style="left: 144.576px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.806796);" dir="ltr">cultural association</span><span style="left: 139.392px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.830016);" dir="ltr"> .</span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 725.042px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: sans-serif; transform: scaleX(0.831324);" dir="ltr">The res</span><span style="left: 222.048px; top: 725.136px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.972676);" dir="ltr">ults of this study are: (1) </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 738.672px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.06838);" dir="ltr">By studying the historical, natural and cultural </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 749.904px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.939397);" dir="ltr">context and consistency of Parse- Pasargadae region, </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 761.136px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.07273);" dir="ltr">the identification of a more suitable protective </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 772.08px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.935948);" dir="ltr">margin for Parse- Pasargadae, cultural landscape as a </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 783.312px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.985772);" dir="ltr">unified concept and also to prevent its destruction. </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 794.544px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.958137);" dir="ltr">(2) Identifying criteria for the cultural landscape (3) </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 805.776px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05931);" dir="ltr">Recognition that the Qashqa'i pastoralists are a </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 817.008px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.950181);" dir="ltr">special Persian cultural index that has preserved this </span><span style="left: 108.864px; top: 828.24px; font-size: 10.944px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.931095);" dir="ltr">culture for thousands of years. </span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96167_9222b5717c7cf9e201fa6f0773f2d084.pdf
Shahid Beheshti University
Environmental Sciences
1735-1324
7
3
2010
03
21
The Role of Cultural Heritage in Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Tourism – Implications for Iran
The Role of Cultural Heritage in Achieving Environmentally Sustainable Tourism – Implications for Iran
96154
FA
Nasserali
Azimi
Department of Knowledge Economy National Science Policy Research Institute
Janet
Blake
Faculty of Law and UNESCO Chair for Human Rights, Peace and Democracy, University of Shahid Beheshti, Tehran, Iran
Seyed Mohammad
Mojabi
Urban Planning and Research center, Tehran Municipality
Journal Article
2015
05
17
<span style="left: 126.72px; top: 521.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957223);" dir="ltr">A high priority has been placed in Iran in recent years on </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 533.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00524);" dir="ltr">developing non-oil sources of income and tourism has </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 544.987px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961831);" dir="ltr">been identified as one important area of the economy for </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 556.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11124);" dir="ltr">development. The development of niche types of </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.950565);" dir="ltr">tourism such as ecotourism or cultural tourism </span><span style="left: 327.68px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 333.12px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961448);" dir="ltr"> both the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 580.187px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02178);" dir="ltr">subject of this paper -</span><span style="left: 228.16px; top: 580.187px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0047);" dir="ltr">is clearly in line with the public </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 591.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10614);" dir="ltr">policy objective of developing non-oil sources of </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 603.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954554);" dir="ltr">income. Environmental protection is an obligation on the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 615.387px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959092);" dir="ltr">government under Principle 50 of the Constitution of the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 626.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984112);" dir="ltr">Islamic Republic. It is therefore appropriate to consider </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01793);" dir="ltr">what role the country</span><span style="left: 224px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 227.2px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01174);" dir="ltr">s vast cultural heritage resource </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 650.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995377);" dir="ltr">can play in ensuring more environmentally sustainable </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 662.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00457);" dir="ltr">forms of tourism development. Since even ecotourism </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 673.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14487);" dir="ltr">developments can have negative environmental </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 685.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03871);" dir="ltr">consequences by development of other forms of low </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 697.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963656);" dir="ltr">intensity tourism (including cultural tourism) must be an </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995023);" dir="ltr">important element in Iran</span><span style="left: 240.64px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 243.84px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02154);" dir="ltr">s policy agenda in this area. </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 720.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02643);" dir="ltr">The promotion of cultural tourism in Iran should aim </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 732.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14963);" dir="ltr">therefore to build on the positive impacts while </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 744.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980278);" dir="ltr">minimising the negative ones. Policies for development </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 755.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04785);" dir="ltr">of cultural tourism should also take into account the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 767.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03131);" dir="ltr">principles and objectives of sustainable development </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 779.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05537);" dir="ltr">which are set out here within the context of tourism </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 791.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.994026);" dir="ltr">projects. A further reason to look at the role of cultural </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 802.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0066);" dir="ltr">heritage in this respect is its intricate relationship with </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 814.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08126);" dir="ltr">the natural environment, as evidenced by the 1972 </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 826.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.98057);" dir="ltr">Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 838.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14315);" dir="ltr">Natural Environment of UNESCO. It should be </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 849.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01467);" dir="ltr">remembered that heritage is a very broad concept that </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 861.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961652);" dir="ltr">encompasses within its scope landscapes, archaeological </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 873.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969802);" dir="ltr">sites and built environments as well as cultural practices </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 885.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.16336);" dir="ltr">and knowledge. All of these are relevant to the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 896.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973186);" dir="ltr">sustainable development and management of tourism. It </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 908.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999039);" dir="ltr">also has a potential for contributing to sustainability in </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 920.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03139);" dir="ltr">itself. This article will therefore consider the cultural </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.948226);" dir="ltr">heritage </span><span style="left: 164.16px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 169.6px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988819);" dir="ltr"> as a tourism resource base - from all of these </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 943.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957901);" dir="ltr">dimensions.</span>
<span style="left: 126.72px; top: 521.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957223);" dir="ltr">A high priority has been placed in Iran in recent years on </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 533.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00524);" dir="ltr">developing non-oil sources of income and tourism has </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 544.987px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961831);" dir="ltr">been identified as one important area of the economy for </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 556.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.11124);" dir="ltr">development. The development of niche types of </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.950565);" dir="ltr">tourism such as ecotourism or cultural tourism </span><span style="left: 327.68px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 333.12px; top: 568.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961448);" dir="ltr"> both the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 580.187px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02178);" dir="ltr">subject of this paper -</span><span style="left: 228.16px; top: 580.187px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0047);" dir="ltr">is clearly in line with the public </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 591.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.10614);" dir="ltr">policy objective of developing non-oil sources of </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 603.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.954554);" dir="ltr">income. Environmental protection is an obligation on the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 615.387px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.959092);" dir="ltr">government under Principle 50 of the Constitution of the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 626.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.984112);" dir="ltr">Islamic Republic. It is therefore appropriate to consider </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01793);" dir="ltr">what role the country</span><span style="left: 224px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 227.2px; top: 638.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01174);" dir="ltr">s vast cultural heritage resource </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 650.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995377);" dir="ltr">can play in ensuring more environmentally sustainable </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 662.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.00457);" dir="ltr">forms of tourism development. Since even ecotourism </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 673.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14487);" dir="ltr">developments can have negative environmental </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 685.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03871);" dir="ltr">consequences by development of other forms of low </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 697.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.963656);" dir="ltr">intensity tourism (including cultural tourism) must be an </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.995023);" dir="ltr">important element in Iran</span><span style="left: 240.64px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">’</span><span style="left: 243.84px; top: 709.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02154);" dir="ltr">s policy agenda in this area. </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 720.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.02643);" dir="ltr">The promotion of cultural tourism in Iran should aim </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 732.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14963);" dir="ltr">therefore to build on the positive impacts while </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 744.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.980278);" dir="ltr">minimising the negative ones. Policies for development </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 755.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.04785);" dir="ltr">of cultural tourism should also take into account the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 767.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03131);" dir="ltr">principles and objectives of sustainable development </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 779.547px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.05537);" dir="ltr">which are set out here within the context of tourism </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 791.067px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.994026);" dir="ltr">projects. A further reason to look at the role of cultural </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 802.907px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.0066);" dir="ltr">heritage in this respect is its intricate relationship with </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 814.747px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.08126);" dir="ltr">the natural environment, as evidenced by the 1972 </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 826.267px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.98057);" dir="ltr">Convention on the Protection of the World Cultural and </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 838.107px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.14315);" dir="ltr">Natural Environment of UNESCO. It should be </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 849.947px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.01467);" dir="ltr">remembered that heritage is a very broad concept that </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 861.467px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.961652);" dir="ltr">encompasses within its scope landscapes, archaeological </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 873.307px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.969802);" dir="ltr">sites and built environments as well as cultural practices </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 885.147px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.16336);" dir="ltr">and knowledge. All of these are relevant to the </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 896.667px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.973186);" dir="ltr">sustainable development and management of tourism. It </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 908.507px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.999039);" dir="ltr">also has a potential for contributing to sustainability in </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 920.347px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(1.03139);" dir="ltr">itself. This article will therefore consider the cultural </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.948226);" dir="ltr">heritage </span><span style="left: 164.16px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif;" dir="ltr">–</span><span style="left: 169.6px; top: 931.867px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.988819);" dir="ltr"> as a tourism resource base - from all of these </span><span style="left: 126.72px; top: 943.707px; font-size: 11.2px; font-family: serif; transform: scaleX(0.957901);" dir="ltr">dimensions.</span>
https://envs.sbu.ac.ir/article_96154_df502a0743938c7f92e5c0f33d6ef70f.pdf