Mohammad Sadegh Ebrahimi,; Khalil Kalantri,; Ali Asadi,; Seyed Hamid Movahed Mohammadi; Iraj Saleh
Volume 9, Issue 2 , January 2012
Abstract
Land consolidation programs in Iranian rice fields follow numerous targets of which the most important is a decrease in the consumption of chemical inputs: chemical fertilizers and resultant chemical toxicity in paddy fields. The goal of this research is the comparison of input consumption sustainability ...
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Land consolidation programs in Iranian rice fields follow numerous targets of which the most important is a decrease in the consumption of chemical inputs: chemical fertilizers and resultant chemical toxicity in paddy fields. The goal of this research is the comparison of input consumption sustainability in traditional and developed paddy fields in Iran (a case study of Gilan Province). The research was conducted in the form of a survey study. The necessary data for this research collected squarely by 188 farmers of land consolidation programs in Gilan Province were sampled using a stratified random sampling procedure. Data was collected through a questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained by calculating the cronbach alpha coefficient (0.65) after conducting a pilot study. The t-test of the test results showed that in two groups of farmers, the farmers of developed paddy lands used significantly more animal manure than traditional land paddy fields. Also, in terms of the consumption of chemical fertilizers, there are significant differences in the two communities and the farmers of developed paddy lands used significantly more urea fertilizer in paddy fields, but rice farmers in traditional paddy fields overall have a greater chemical toxicity consumption, especially of chemical insecticides, than equipped paddy fields farmers.
Gholam Hossein Kiani; Seyed Kazem Sadr; Iraj Saleh
Volume 5, Issue 2 , January 2008
Abstract
Water markets have been introduced recently as an appropriate alternative to bureaucratic control and allocation of water resources. Water markets increase water use efficiency through the transfer of water to higher value uses. Several studies have been carried out to simulate hypothetical water markets ...
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Water markets have been introduced recently as an appropriate alternative to bureaucratic control and allocation of water resources. Water markets increase water use efficiency through the transfer of water to higher value uses. Several studies have been carried out to simulate hypothetical water markets under conditions of both certainty and uncertainty to show the potential gains that can be achieved by market participants. However, the effect of water supply and price risk has seldom been analyzed by the water market models presented. This study endeavours to introduce output and water input price risks into the water market models. For this purpose, an econometric mean-variance model, under output price risk and water market price risk is theoretically developed to derive demand and supply functions. This approach facilitates empirical estimation of demand and supply functions in actually formed water markets.
