Mahsa Tamjidi; Yousef Rashidi; Majid Abbaspour Tehrani; Seyed Alireza Mirzahoseini
Abstract
Introduction: Dust is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena It happens in spring and summer in many regions, including Iran and neighboring countries And it is one of the important challenges of the 21st century And this phenomenon in the global scale of arid and semi-arid regions and due to ...
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Introduction: Dust is one of the most important atmospheric phenomena It happens in spring and summer in many regions, including Iran and neighboring countries And it is one of the important challenges of the 21st century And this phenomenon in the global scale of arid and semi-arid regions and due to climate change, vegetation change, progressive processes of soil erosion and disturbances resulting from them, the sensitivity of the regions to rapid erosion which will have important reactions on the climate of the region and desertification. The purpose of this research is to determine the intensity of the pollution production rate of suspended particles less than 10 microns using modeling and comparing the output results with the measured data. and changing the intensity of the pollution production rate based on the measured data and calculating the formula for determining the PM10 emission rate It is caused by the dust incident in Ahvaz city.Material and methods: Ahvaz metropolis considering the complex topography In a dry area and in the vicinity of the main and primary sources of dust, it has special conditions In this study, the concentration of suspended particles less than 10 microns was investigated on the 15th of June 2019. On this date, the maximum PM10 concentration in Ahvaz city was 1422 micrograms per cubic meter on June 15. that the concentration of these particles was more than 9 times the standard concentration of free air of the Environmental Protection Organization of Iran (150 micrograms per cubic meter). From the concentration data of the environmental protection organization measurement station and surface meteorological and upper atmosphere data of Ahvaz station have been used to implement CALPUFF model and concentration outputsResults and discussion: By studying library documents, the basic calculation formula for determining the emission rate of PM10 pollutant has been estimated, and then it has been compared with the data of the monitoring stations located in the city of Ahvaz, and by modifying the calculation formula and implementing the CALPUFF diffusion and dispersion model, it has been calculated according to the actual concentration recorded by the online station. The monitoring of the Environmental Protection Organization was reached and finally the emission rate of suspended particles less than 10 microns from the centers around the city of Ahvaz was determined.Conclusion: The emission rate of PM10 pollutant has been obtained using the calculation formula and the implementation of the CALPUFF diffusion and dispersion model, which is important in the prediction of the dust phenomenon and provides the possibility of calculating the amount of production and the movement path of the particles. He thought about taking the necessary decisions to reduce the possible damages caused by this phenomenon. And using the combination of measurement and modeling, he achieved a methodology to calculate PM10 dust emissions from city centers.
Atieh Panahi; Fathollah Ommi; Yusef Rashidi
Volume 15, Issue 1 , April 2017, , Pages 89-102
Abstract
Introduction: Air pollution can have devastating short- and long-term consequences on human health in different ways (Dehghani, 2007). The vulnerability of individuals to air pollution varies. Some diseases, such as asthma and pulmonary heart disease, are exacerbated by air pollution while it can also ...
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Introduction: Air pollution can have devastating short- and long-term consequences on human health in different ways (Dehghani, 2007). The vulnerability of individuals to air pollution varies. Some diseases, such as asthma and pulmonary heart disease, are exacerbated by air pollution while it can also effect foetal development and lowers child IQ (Ghiasiddin, 2006). The statistics show that the number of patients who visit the emergency departments due to high blood pressure and heart attacks significantly increases on polluted days in Tehran. The costs of polluted air on health care run to billion dollars per year (Esfahanian, 2013).Materials and methods: This goal of this study was to determine economic cost of the impact of NO2 pollution in Tehran’s air on cardiovascular death using health effect determination software. Firstly, primary data was gathered from responsible organizations. Then, this volume based data (ppb) was converted into mass based data (g/m3) and the required data, such as the number of polluted days at various concentrations of NO2 and its yearly average in winter and summer, annually percentile and data from air pollution control stations with maximum and minimum values were extracted. Based on this data, AirQ software results showed the number of cardiovascular deaths due to NO2 pollution. These results were then compared with data from Behesht-e Zahra (Tehran’s main cemetery) and the consequent economic cost calculated using three methods of VSL, blood atonement and income.Result and discussion: Results indicating that cumulative cardiovascular deaths due to NO2 pollutant in 2013 numbered 827.3 cases of which 348.2 were women, 451.7 were men and 4.26 were children. The total average age of all cases was 51.9 which, if reduced from life expectancy in Iran which has reached 73 years, shows that the lost life expectancy due to NO2 pollution reached to 21.1 years in 2013. Economic costs imposed by bloodatonement were calculated at 7.41011 Rials on the cumulative frequency which shows the total cumulative cardiac mortality in 2013 which, therefore, was estimated as 80,450,665,000 Rials at concentrations between 90-99 g/m3 with the maximum number of cardiac deaths (between 10 > to 400 ≤). The results obtained from the VSL method show 9,431,220,000,000 Rials for total cumulative cardiac mortality in 1392 and 1,020,300,000 Rials for 90-99 g/m3 concentrations of NO2. Based on the income method results, the amount was calculated as 61011 Rials (for cumulative frequency) and 6/51010 Rials (at 90-99 g/m3 of NO2 concentration).Conclusion: In general, according to the results, the majority of cardiovascular deaths due to NO2 pollution were related to concentrations of between 90-99 g/m3. Furthermore economic costs calculated using the VSL method were greater than by the other mentioned methods
