Sohrab Mazloomi; Abbas Esmaeili Sari; Nader Bahramifar
Abstract
Introduction: Particulate matters are one of the most important air pollutants in Tehran and very dangerous for human health according to the epidemiological studies. The ambient particles contain heavy metals, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic components. Therefore, in this study, the content ...
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Introduction: Particulate matters are one of the most important air pollutants in Tehran and very dangerous for human health according to the epidemiological studies. The ambient particles contain heavy metals, some of which are toxic and carcinogenic components. Therefore, in this study, the content of heavy metals in airborne particulate matters (PM4) of Tehran was measured and the related health risk was assessed. Material and methods: Sampling of PM4 was conducted every six days using Chrono PM Sampler with a 10 L/min flow rate at two residential areas including Tehranpars in the east and Ekbatan in the west of Tehran. The concentration of PM4 was calculated with Gravimetric analysis. After the preparation of the samples using the extraction solution (HCl and HNO3), the concentration of heavy metals was measured by ICP-MS. The metal richness was assessed using the enrichment factor. For health risk assessment of heavy metals in PM4, excess cancer risk was calculated. Results and discussion: At both sampling stations, the highest concentrations in all PM4 samples were related to Al and Fe due to the high abundance of these elements in the earth's crust. The results of the enrichment factor indicated that Al, Fe, Ti and Mn in PM4 had low enrichment degree and the source of these metals might mainly be the earth's crust. Ni and Cr had a high enrichment degree. In addition, Zn, Pb, Cu, Sn, As, and Cd had a very high enrichment degree and were mainly anthropogenic. The concentration of PM4 was not significantly different between the two stations in the east and west, but the comparison of the mean concentration of metals in PM4 samples between the two stations showed that the concentrations of Mn, Cu, Sn, Ni, and As at the eastern station were significantly higher than the western station. The comparison of the enrichment factor between the two sampling stations also showed that the EF values of the studied elements at the eastern station were higher than those at the western station, which could indicate a higher contribution of anthropogenic sources in the east. Among the studied elements, the highest excess cancer risk was related to Cr(VI) due to its high toxicity. The total excess cancer risk based on the average concentrations of toxic metals in PM4 was 120.1×10-6 at the eastern station and 83.1×10-6 at the western station. Conclusion: Most of heavy metals in PM4in the east and west of Tehran had mainly anthropogenic sources and were generated by human activities, especially transportation. The average concentration of heavy metals in PM4 at the east of Tehran was higher than the west, and as a result, the excess cancer risk of toxic metals in PM4 was also higher in the east. The most dangerous carcinogenic element in particulate matters of Tehran was Cr(VI), which should be taken more under consideration and its anthropogenic emission sources must be controlled.
Kamyar Taheri; Nadere Bahramifar
Volume 11, Issue 3 , October 2013
Abstract
In this research residues concentration relationship of 3 organophosphorus pesticides and 11 organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment in different seasons in the Siahrud River from Qaemshahr (Mazandaran, Iran) were studied. Water and sediment from Qaemshahr Siahrud River was sampled from 7 stations ...
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In this research residues concentration relationship of 3 organophosphorus pesticides and 11 organochlorine pesticides in water and sediment in different seasons in the Siahrud River from Qaemshahr (Mazandaran, Iran) were studied. Water and sediment from Qaemshahr Siahrud River was sampled from 7 stations in 3 seasons and the concentration of pesticides was measured by GC/ECD device. Water samples with a concentration of DDTs from the LOD to 0.050 μgr/l and cyclodiene from the LOD to 0.020 μgr/l and HCH from the LOD to 0.78 μgr/l and organophosphorus pesticides to 1.86 μgr/l and sediment samples DDT from LOD to 0.080 μg/g dw and cyclodiene to 0.04 HCH to 0.17 μg/g dw and organophosphorus pesticides was to 3.29 μg/g. Effect of seasons on the concentration of pesticides in water and sediment showed the highest concentration for all pesticides in summer and all water and sediment samples at all stations and in three seasons. Organophosphorus concentrations were higher due to high current consumption and very low their half-life in the water. The sediment is causing enormous difference in the concentration of pesticides in the summer with a concentration in autumn and spring.
fatemeh Ahmadipour; Nader Bahramifar; Seyed Mahmood Ghasempouri
Volume 10, Issue 2 , January 2013
Morteza Davodi; Abbas Esmaili-Sari; Nader Bahramifar; Seyed Mahmoud Ghasempouri
Volume 8, Issue 1 , October 2010
Abstract
Shadegan wetland, one of the largest wetlands in Iran, is subject to different pollutants. One of these contaminants is the residue of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and its metabolites used to combat pests. Residues of DDT and its metabolites (p,p/-DDT,o,p/-DDT,p,p/-DDE, o,p/-DDE, p,p/-DDD) were ...
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Shadegan wetland, one of the largest wetlands in Iran, is subject to different pollutants. One of these contaminants is the residue of organochlorine pesticides such as DDT and its metabolites used to combat pests. Residues of DDT and its metabolites (p,p/-DDT,o,p/-DDT,p,p/-DDE, o,p/-DDE, p,p/-DDD) were investigated in five edible fish species of Shadegan wetland, and the effect of the amount of this pesticide on the weight, age and diet was investigated. Total DDT (the sum of 5 metabolites) in Barbus grypus and Cyprino carpiowas 6.50 and 3.27 ng g-1, respectively. Results showed that p,p/-DDE had a maximum concentration in all species and p,p/-DDT in Barbus sharpeyi (0.12 ng g-1) and Cyprino carpio(0.09 ng g-1), o,p/-DDE metabolite in Barbus grypus ( 0.12 ng g-1) and Aspius vorax (0.20 ng g-1) and o,p/-DDT metabolite in Barbus barbules had a minimum concentration. These results show any new application of this pesticide in the land around the wetland. The mean concentration of DDTs was higher in weight group>320 g (6.77 ng g-1) and in age group>3 years (6.70 ng g-1) and those of an omnivorous diet (7.34 ng g-1) than in the other groups. The calculation ofestimated daily intake (EDI) of this pesticide and comparison with international standards, showed no risks for residents in this area.
