تحلیل و ارزیابی مورفولوژیک رودخانه مبتنی بر ویژگی‌های مورفولوژیک، سازه‌های مصنوعی و تنظیمات آبراهه (مطالعه موردی: رودخانه تالار- از بالادست تا شیرگاه)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه تنوع زیستی و مدیریت اکوسیستم ها، پژوهشکده علوم محیطی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران، ایران

3 گرو ه جغرافیای طبیعی، دانشکد ه علوم زمین، دانشگا ه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: رودخانه ­ها برای حفظ زندگی و اکوسیستم­ ها حیاتی هستند و آب شیرین ضروری برای آبیاری، شرب و صنعت را فراهم می­ کنند. با این حال، مداخلات انسانی از جمله تغییر در الگوهای کاربری زمین، ساخت و ساز در نزدیکی رودخانه ­ها، بهره برداری از منابع آب، و مدیریت سیل و طوفان به طور قابل توجهی بر این سیستم ­های زیست محیطی حیاتی تأثیر گذاشته است.  آنها می‌توانند توزیع مکانی و سرعت فرآیندهای ژئومورفیکی مانند انتقال رسوب، فرسایش و رسوبگذاری را تغییر داده و در نتیجه، تغییرات قابل توجهی در مورفولوژی رودخانه‌ها ایجاد کنند. در این پژوهش، ارزیابی مورفولوژیکی از بالادست تا میانه رودخانه تالار به‌عنوان پایلوت با استفاده از شاخص کیفیت مورفولوژیکی (MQI) برای ارزیابی وضعیت مورفولوژیکی انجام شده است.
مواد و روش ­ها: رودخانه تالار براساس رویکرد سلسله ­مراتبی و با توجه به وضعیت فیزیوگرافی به دو واحد چشم ­انداز، سه بخش و 23 بازه تقسیم ­بندی گردید. سپس عملکرد ژئومورفولوژیکی فرآیندها و اشکال رودخانه­ ای، سازه ­های انسان ساخت و  تنظیمات آبراهه ­ها توسط MQI که شامل 28 پارامتر است، مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج بدست آمده از 28 پارامتر MQI در 23 بازه، نشان می‌دهد؛ حدود 15% بازه­ ها دارای وضعیت "خوب"، تقریباً 35% بازه ­ها دارای وضعیت "متوسط" و بیش از 50% دارای وضعیت "ضعیف" و "خیلی ضعیف" هستند. علاوه بر این، مهمترین تأثیرات مربوط به تغییر کاربری اراضی یعنی توسعه شهری و کشاورزی و همچنین عبور جاده است.
 نتیجه ­گیری: نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بیشتر مسیرهای رودخانه تالار نیازمند اقدامات فوری برای بازسازی و احیاء است. علاوه بر این، اگرچه روش MQI می­ تواند ابزار مناسب و موثری در تشخیص چالش­ های هیدرومورفولوژیکی باشد. با این حال، هنوز برای مدیریت یکپارچه و احیاء کافی نیست و باید با سایر شاخص‌های فشار انسانی مانند کیفیت آب، فشار هیدرولوژیکی و بیولوژیکی ادغام شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Morphological Analysis and Assessment of a River Based on Morphological Characteristics, Artificial Structures and Channel Adjustment (Case Study: Talar River - Upstream of the Shirgah)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zohreh Talebi 1
  • Seyyed Ali Ayyoubzadeh 1
  • Hossein Mostafavi 2
  • Mohammad Mehdi Hoseinzadeh 3
  • Hossein Shafizadeh 1
1 Department of Water Engineering and Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management, Environmental Sciences Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Physical Geography, Faculty of Earth Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: Alterations in river systems are inevitable and affect the
environment. Rivers have played a very important role in creating and maintaining life on the
earth since a long time ago. In other words, rivers are vital for sustaining life and ecosystems,
providing essential freshwater for irrigation, drinking, and industry. However, human
interventions including changes in land use patterns, construction near rivers, exploitation of
water resources, and flood and storm management have significantly impacted on these crucial
environmental systems. They can actually alter the spatial distribution and velocity of
geomorphological processes such as sediment transport, erosion, and deposition, consequently
leading to significant changes in river morphology. Therefore, assessing their morphological
quality is important for their management and restoration. In this study, morphological
assessment from the upstream to the midstream of the Talar River as a pilot has been conducted
using the Morphological Quality Index (MQI) to evaluate the morphological status.
Material and Methods: First, Talar River was divided into two landscape units, three segments
and 23 reaches based on the hierarchical approach and according to the physiographic
condition. Then, geomorphological functionality, artificial structure and Indicators of channel
adjustment have been assessed by MQI which includes 28 parameters.
Results and Discussion: The results obtained from 28 MQI parameters in 23 reaches showed
that about 15% of the reaches have a "good" condition; almost 35% have a "moderate"
condition, and more than 50% have "poor" and "very poor" conditions. Based on the assessment
along the Talar river, the areas that are in the urban area due to the large amount of agriculture,
urban development and road crossing have poor and very poor morphological quality class, and
the areas that are in the forest area are natural and have good morphological quality. Also, the
results of the assessment indicate that the average quality class of the investigated reaches is in
"moderate" conditions.
Conclusion: The results show that most reaches of Talar River requires urgent measures for its
restoration. In addition, although the MQI method can be appropriate and effective tool in
diagnosing hydromorphological challenges. However, it is not still enough for an integrated
management and restoration, and it should be integrated with other indices regarding human
pressures i.e. water quality, hydrological and biological pressures.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Evaluation
  • Morphology
  • Hydromorphology
  • Talar River
  • River Restoration

مراجع

Ahmadi, A., Ghafourpour Anbaran, P., Ghanavati, E.A. and Yasi, M., 2022. Hydromorphological analysis of the Karaj River in the urban area from Beylaqan to the railway bridge. Geography and Enviromental Sustainability Journal. 13 (1), 21-39. DOI: 10.22126/GES.2022.8026.2552.
Ahmadi, N., Mostafavi, H., Piri, K. and Zeinivand, H., 2023. Assessment of hydro-ecological alteration of Halil-Rud Basin and analysis of the role of operating dams in causing it. Environmental Sciences, 21(1), 65-86.
Buffington, J.M., Montgomery, D.R., 2013. Geomorphic classification of rivers. In: Shroder, J. (Editor in Chief), Wohl, E. (Ed.), Treatise on Geomorphology. Academic Press, San Diego, CA.
Bussettini, M., Rinaldi, M. and Grant, G., 2017. A hydromorphological framework for the evaluation of e-flows. In EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts (p. 18119).
Campana, D., Marchese, E., Theule, J.I. and Comiti, F., 2014. Channel degradation and restoration of an Alpine river and related morphological changes. Geomorphology. 221, 230-241.
Commission of the European Communities., 2000. Directive 2000/60/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2000 establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Esmaili, R., Rezaei Moghadam, M. H., and Hosseinzadeh M. M., 2010. Classification of types of rivers based on Steel River method, case study: Northern Alborz, Lavij River watershed.
Esmaili, R. and Valikhani, S., 2013. Evaluation and analysis of hydromorphological conditions of Lavij River using morphological quality index. Quantitative Geomorphology Research. 2(4), 37-53.
Fenderski, N., Masoudian, M., and Ratcher, K., 2022. Evaluation of hydromorphological conditions of Tajen river using HMQI method. Watershed Engineering and Management, 14(2), 185-201. DOI: 10.22092/ijwmse.2021.353586.1881
Horton, R.E., 1945. Erosional development of streams and their drainage basins; hydrophysical approach to quantitative morphology. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 56(3), 275-370.
Ioana-Toroimac, G., Zaharia, L. and Minea, G., 2015. Using pressure and alteration indicators to assess river morphological quality: case study of the Prahova River (Romania). Water. 7(6), 2971-2989.
Ilanloo, M. and Karam, A., 2020. Assessment of hydromorphological conditions of the river using the MQI method (Case study area: JAJROOD River). Journal of Applied researches in Geographical Sciences. 20(56), 35-53.
Khaleghi, S., Hosseinzadeh, M.M., and Hashemi Boueini, Z., 2021. The Assessment and Analysis of the Hydromorphological Condition of  Haji- Arab River, Bouein Zahra County. Geography and environmental sustainability Journal, 11 (2), 75-89. DOI: 10.22126/GES.2021.6068.2363
Lane, E. W., 1957. Study of the shape of channels formed by natural streams flowing in erodible material, A (Doctoral dissertation, Colorado State University. Libraries).
Leopold, L. B., and Wolman, M. G., 1957. River channel patterns: braided, meandering, and straight. US Government Printing Office.
Montgomery, D.R. and Buffington, J.M., 1997. Channel-reach morphology in mountain drainage basins. Geological Society of America Bulletin. 109(5), 596-611.
Mostafavi, H., Teimori, A. and Hughes, R.M., 2022. Habitat and river riparian assessment in the Hyrcanian Forest Ecoregion in Iran: providing basic information for the river management and rehabilitation. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment. 194(11), 793.
Muller, H., Horbinger, S., Franta, F., Mendes, A., Li, J., Cao, P., Baoligao, B., Xu, F. and Rauch, H.P., 2022. Hydromorphological assessment as the basis for ecosystem restoration in the Nanxi River Basin (China). Land. 11(2), 193. https://doi.org/ 10.3390/land11020193
Newson, M.D. and Large, A.R., 2006. Natural rivers, hydromorphological quality and river restoration: a challenging new agenda for applied fluvial geomorphology. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms: The Journal of the British Geomorphological Research Group, 31(13), pp.1606-1624. DOI: 10.1002/esp.1430
Nosrati, K., Rostami, M. and Etminan, Z., 2020. Assessment of Taleghan River Hydrogeomorphological Conditions Using Morphological Quality Index. Hydrogeomorphology. 6 (21), 133-154
Rigon, E., Moretto, J., Rainato, R., Lenzi, M.A. and Zorzi, A., 2013. Evaluation of the morphological quality index in the Cordevole river (Bl, Italy). Journal of Agricultural Engineering. 44(3), e15-e15.
Rinaldi, M., Baena-Escudero, R., Nardi, L., Guerrero-Amador, I.C. and García-Martínez, B., 2020. An assessment of the hydromorphological conditions of the middle and lower Guadalquivir River (southern Spain). Physical Geography. 41(3), 254-271.
Rinaldi, M., Surian, N., Comiti, F. and Bussettini, M., 2013. A method for the assessment and analysis of the hydromorphological condition of Italian streams: The Morphological Quality Index (MQI). Geomorphology. 180, 96-108.
Rinaldi, M., Bussettini, M., Surian, N., Comiti, F., & Gurnell, A. M., 2016. Guidebook for the evaluation of stream morphological conditions by the Morphological Quality Index (MQI). Version 2. Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale.
Rinaldi, M., Belletti, B., Bussettini, M., Comiti, F., Golfieri, B., Lastoria, B., Marchese, E., Nardi, L. and Surian, N., 2017. New tools for the hydromorphological assessment and monitoring of European streams. Journal of Environmental Management. 202, 363-378.
Rosgen, D.L., 1994. A classification of natural rivers. Catena. 22(3), 169-199.
Sabzivand, R., Hashemi Avanji, S.J., Majdzadeh Tabatabai, M.R., and Shafa'i Bejestan, M., 2006. Classification of rivers from the morphological point of view, Stavand Publications, Yazd.
Schumm, S.A., 1977. The fluvial system.
Strahler, A.N., 1957. Quantitative analysis of watershed geomorphology. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union. 38 (6), 913-920.
Radecki-Pawlik, A. and Hernik, J., 2010. A method for the assessment of hydromorphological river quality and its application to the Czarny dunajec river, polish carpathians.
Yaghoob Nejad ASL, N., Esfandiary Darabad, F., Asghari, S. and Karam, A., 2020. Evaluation of morphological status of Taleghan River from 2006 to 2016. Quantitative Geomorphological Research. 9(1), 67-85.
فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 1
فروردین 1403
صفحه 21-38

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار