ارزیابی ارتباط الگوی کاربری اراضی و تغییرات فضایی کیفیت آب در مقیاس حوضه آبخیز: مطالعه موردی زیرحوضه آبخیز رودخانه مارون

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی طبیعت، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

3 گروه محیط زیست، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و علوم دریایی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، مازندران، ایران

4 گروه آبزی پروری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی و محیط زیست، دانشگاه صنعتی خاتم النبیا (ص) بهبهان، بهبهان، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف: کیفیت حوضه رودخانه با سلامت اکوسیستم آن مشخص می ­شود تا منابع و خدمات قابل توجه و ارزشمندی را برای استفاده انسان و خود حوضه فراهم کند. با این حال، تغییرات الگوی کاربری اراضی که انعکاسی مؤثر از فعالیت­ های انسانی است، سلامت رودخانه را به شدت مختل کرده و محرک اصلی کاهش کیفیت آب است. بررسی رابطه بین الگوی کاربری اراضی و کیفیت آب رودخانه، مبنای مهمی برای ایمنی کیفیت آب و مدیریت مؤثر کاربری اراضی فراهم می­کند. لذا، هدف این مطالعه بررسی تأثیر الگوهای کاربری اراضی بر کیفیت آب­ های سطحی در محدوده زیرحوضه آبخیز رودخانه مارون است. 
مواد و روش‌ها: به منظور نمونه ­برداری از منطقه مطالعاتی ابتدا مرز زیرحوضه آبخیز رودخانه مارون تعیین و سپس زیرحوضه مورد نظر با استفاده از ابزار آنالیز هیدرولوژیکی در نرم ­افزار ArcGIS به زیرحوضه ­های مختلف کوچکتر تقسیم و نقشه آبراهه ­های منطقه تهیه شد. سپس ایستگاه ­های نمونه ­برداری از نقطه خروجی هر یک از این زیرحوضه ­ها در محدوده ­ی زیرحوضه اصلی انتخاب شدند. سپس به منظور اندازه ­گیری پارامترهای کیفی آب محدوده مورد مطالعه، نمونه ­برداری از 38 ایستگاه پایش در سطح زیرحوضه­ ها با سه تکرار در بهار 1402 انجام شد. نقشه کاربری اراضی نیز جهت ارزیابی تغییرات و تاثیر الگوهای کاربری و پوشش زمین بر وضعیت کیفیت آب زیرحوضه آبخیز رودخانه مارون با استفاده از تصاویر لندست تهیه شد. سپس با استفاده از سیستم‌ اطلاعات جغرافیایی و تکنیک‌های آماری چند متغیره، اثرات کاربری اراضی در سطح زیرحوضه مارون بر کیفیت آب رودخانه برآورد گردید. به ­علاوه جهت ارزیابی درجه کیفیت آب رودخانه در زیرحوضه ­های مختلف، از شاخص کیفیت آب (WQI) جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ های کیفیت آب استفاده شد.
نتایج و بحث: نتایج بررسی توزیع الگوهای کاربری اراضی نشان داد که کاربری مرتع کاربری غالب در سطح زیرحوضه رودخانه مارون است و پارامترهای کیفیت آب تغییرات قابل توجهی را در ایستگاه ­های تحت پوشش کاربری کشاورزی و جنگلی نشان دادند. نتایج تجزیه و تحلیل همبستگی و رگرسیون خطی پارامترهای کیفیت آب و الگوهای کاربری اراضی در زیرحوضه رودخانه مارون نشان داد که کاربری کشاورزی با پارامترهای pH و DO ارتباط منفی و با پارامترهای  و  و Ca2+ ارتباط مثبت، کاربری جنگل همبستگی مثبت با DO و منفی با ، و کاربری شهری نیز همبستگی منفی با DO نشان داد. مقادیر WQI در ایستگاه ­های مختلف پایش شده بین 80/73 و 73/288 برآورد شد که براساس این شاخص، سطح سلامت رودخانه در بالادست زیرحوضه بهتر از پایین دست بود. بطور کلی براساس طبقه بندی WQI، 5/62 % کیفیت آب زیرحوضه آبخیز رودخانه مارون در طبقه "ضعیف"، 25 % در طبقه "بسیار ضعیف" و 5/12 % در طبقه "خوب" قرار داشت.
نتیجه گیری: یافته ­های حاصل از پژوهش بیانگر این است که کاربری کشاورزی عامل کلیدی تأثیرگذار بر پارامترها و در نتیجه افت کیفیت آب در سطح زیرحوضه رودخانه مارون می­ باشد و محدود کردن تخلیه رواناب ناشی از فعالیت­ های کشاورزی برای بهبود کیفیت آب در منطقه مورد مطالعه حیاتی است. این مطالعه اهمیت تغییرات کاربری / پوشش اراضی در کیفیت آب را برای تصمیم گیری آگاهانه در مورد برنامه ­ریزی و مدیریت صحیح حوضه برجسته می ­کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Assessment of Relationship between Land Use Pattern and Spatial Distribution of Water Quality at the Watershed Scale: A Case Study of Maroon River Sub-basin

نویسندگان [English]

  • Fariba Hedayatzadeh 1
  • Alireza Ildoromi 2
  • Nasrin Hasanzadeh 1
  • Nader Bahramifar 3
  • Mahdi Banaee 4
1 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
2 Department of Nature Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
3 Department of Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources and Marine Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Mazandaran, Iran
4 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Natural Resources and Environment, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction: The health of the river basin is determined by the health of its ecosystem to provide important and valuable resources and services for human use and the basin itself. However, the changes in the land use pattern, which is an effective reflection of anthropic activities, have greatly disturbed the health of the river and are the main driver of water quality reduction. Examining the relationship between land use patterns and river water quality provides an important basis for water quality safety and effective land use management. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the influence of land use patterns on surface water quality based on the water quality monitoring data and land use data from 38 sampling points in the sub-basin of the Maroon River.
Material and Methods: In order to sample from the study area, first, the boundary of the sub-basin of the maroon river was determined, and then the sub-basin was divided into different smaller sub-basins using the hydrological analysis tool in ArcGIS software, and the map of waterways in the region was also prepared. Then, sampling stations were selected from the exit point of each of these sub-basins in the main sub-basin area. In order to measure the water quality parameters of the studied area, sampling was done from 38 monitoring stations in the sub-basins in triplicates in the spring of 2023. The land use map was prepared using Landsat satellite images to evaluate the changes and the impact of land use patterns on the water quality status of the Maroon River sub-basin. Then, using geographic information system and multivariate statistical techniques, the effects of land use on river water quality in the Maroon sub-basin were estimated. In addition, in order to evaluate the quality of river water in different sub-basins, water quality data was analyzed using the water quality index (WQI).
Results and Discussion: The results of the evaluation of the distribution of land use patterns showed that the use of pasture is the dominant use in the sub-basin of the Maroon River and the water quality parameters exhibited significant changes in the stations covered by agricultural and forest use. The results of correlation analysis and linear regression of water quality parameters and land use patterns in the Maroon River sub-basin showed that agricultural land has a negative relationship with pH and DO parameters and a positive relationship with parameters ,  and Ca2+, forest land has a positive correlation with DO and a negative correlation with , and urban land also showed a negative correlation with DO. WQI values in different monitoring stations were estimated between 73.80 and 288.73 which showed that the health level of the river upstream of the sub-basin was better than downstream. In general, based on the WQI classification, 62.5% of the water quality of the Maroon River sub-basin was in the "poor" class, 25% in the "very poor" class, and 12.5% in the "good" class.
Conclusion: The findings of the research showed that agricultural land was the key factor affecting the water quality parameters and as a result the decrease in water quality in the sub-basin of the Maroon River, so limiting the discharge of runoff from agricultural activities is critical for improving water quality in the study area. This study highlights the importance of LULC changes in water quality for making informed decisions on proper watershed planning and management.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • land use
  • water quality monitoring
  • multivariate statistical techniques
  • spatial distribution
  • Maroon River sub-basin

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 22، شماره 2
1403
صفحه 325-348

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