مروری بر اطلاعات پایه، چالش ها و تهدیدهای تالاب میقان

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علومزیستی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران

2 دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه شهیدبهشتی، تهران

3 دانشکده علوم جغرافیایی، دانشگاه خوارزمی، کرج

چکیده

تهدیدهای گسترده علیه بیوسفر جهانی و کمبود بودجه های حفاظتی، شیوه های کارامدتری را جهت اجرای طرح های حفاظتی بنا نهاده است. رویکرد جامع نگر به تنوع زیستی رویکرد  رویکرد حفاظت اکوسیستم محور  را تقویت نموده است. حوضه آبریز تالاب میقان اراک بواسطه اهمیت اکوسیستمی و تهدیدهای گسترده زیست محیطی به عنوان یک نمونه مناسب جهت این ارزیابی انتخاب گردیده است. در حوضه آبریز تالاب میقان شرایط اکوتونی ناشی از تغییر تدریجی رویشگاههای هالوفیت به رویشگاههای غیر هالوفیت، رویشگاههای کویری به کوهستانی و رویشگاههای خشکی به رویشگاههای تالابی و نیز حضور رویشگاههای متباین،  تنوع گونه ها، ریختارها و اجتماعات گیاهی، تنوع بالای جانوری، پتانسیل ایجاد تالاب بین المللی و قابلیت ایجاد منطقه مهم پرندگان، وجود منطقه شکار ممنوع از اهمیت اکولوژیکی و اکوتوریستی زیادی برخوردار شده است. به علاوه عدم وجود رودهای دائمی، خشکسالی، برداشت بی رویه آب های زیر زمینی ، تغییر شیب هیدرولوژیکی، کاهش کیفت آب های زیر زمینی، آلودگی های شیمیایی و میکروبی، برداشت املاح و عدم وجود مطالعات آمایش سرزمینی و سبب چالش ها و آسیب جدی در مدیریت و حفاظت تالاب شده است. بنابراین ارزیابی و تدوین اطلاعات پایه این منطقه و اجرای برنامه های مدیریتی نقش مهمی در حفاظت تالاب خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review of Basic Data, Challenges and Threat Factors to the Wetland of Meyghan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ahmadreza Mehrabian 1
  • Razieh Ghafoori 2
  • Ali Moazeni 3
1 Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, University of Shahid Beheshty, Tehran
2 Faculty of Biological Science, University of Shahid Beheshty, Tehran
3 Faculty of Geographical Science, University of Kharazmi, Karaj
چکیده [English]

Due to extensive threat factors facing the global biosphere as well as a lack of adequate conservation funds, we need to develop more efficient methods of conservation management in accordance with a comprehensive vision of biodiversity and that reinforces ecosystem-based actions. Meyghan Wetland which shows high ecosystem values as well a wide range of threat factors was selected as a case study. As a transitional zone as well being diverse habitats, the wetland has covered a wide range of diverse plants and animals in the aforementioned area. Due to its natural potential for establishing an Important Bird Area (IBA) as well as designation as an international wetland, the importance of this area from the ecological and ecotourism point of view has increased. Moreover, the absence of the permanent streams, drought events, overharvesting of the underground waters, changes in the hydrologic gradient, decline in the water quality, the influence of chemical pollution, erosion as well as the lack of any appropriate program for land use planning has created several environmental challenges in the aforementioned region. Therefore, compilation and assessment of the basic ecological data, accompanied by an appropriate management plan, can be effective for the management of this wetland.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Meyghan wetland
  • Ecosystem
  • Threats
  • Conservation
  • management

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فصلنامه علوم محیطی
دوره 13، شماره 4
دی 1394
صفحه 59-74

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