بررسی غلظت و سطوح آلودگی فلزات سنگین در ذرات معلق در سه شهر سنندج، خرم آباد و اندیمشک

نوع مقاله : علمی - پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه کردستان

2 دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه صنعتی اصفهان، اصفهان

چکیده

طوفان های گرد و غباری که اغلب در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک جهان روی می دهند حجم زیادی از ذرات معلق را با خود حمل می کنند و از این رو به عنوان یکی از مهمترین معضلات زیست محیطی در مقیاس های منطقه ای و بین المللی تلقی می گردند. این تحقیق به ارزیابی مقادیر فلزات سنگین در ذرات گرد و غبار ته نشین شده در شهرهای سنندج، خیر آباد و اندیمشک در غرب ایران می پردازد. نمونه برداری ذرات گرد و غبیار از 03 خرداد 1091 بمدت یکسال در بازه های زمانی 13 روزه و به طیور همزمان در سه ایستگاه مذکور با استفاده از روش Gauge Deposit Method صورت گرفت و اندازه گیری فلزات Fe و Mn با استفاده از جذب اتمی به روش شعله و Ni, Cr, Cd, Pb, Ag, As, Cu, Zn به روش کوره گرافیکی انجام شد. سپس سطح آلودگی فلزات سنگین با استفاده از Index Enrichment و( Igeo) Geo-Accumulation Index  شاخص های Factor( EF )ارزیابی گردید. نتایج شاخص‌های Igeo و EF میزان آلودگی Ag و Cu را بیش از دیگر فلزات سنگین در گرد و غبار هر سه ایستگاه ارزیابی کرد. علی رغم کمتر بودن میانگین میزان گرد و غبار باریده در ایستگاه سنندج، غلظت فلزات سنگین در ذرات گرد و غبار این ایستگاه در مقایسه با ایستگاه های دیگر بطور نسبی بیشتر بود. بیشترین گرد و غبار باریده بر واحد سطح در ایستگاه اندیمشیک، سپس ایسیتگاه خر آباد و نهایتا ایستگاه سینندج بدسیت آمید. یمن آنکیه حیداک ر و حداقل میزان گرد و غبار باریده بر سه ایستگاه به ترتیب در اردیبهشت و بهمن ثبت شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of Amount of Concentration and Contamination Levels of Heavy Metals Among Dust-Fall Particles in Sanandaj, khorramabad and Andimeshk

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahdi Rajabi 1
  • Milad Biranvand 2
1 Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj
2 Faculty of Natural Resources, Isfahan University of Technology
چکیده [English]

Dust storms often occur in arid and semiarid regions of the world and carry a huge quantity of materials; hence, they are recognized as one of the most important environmental issues on regional and international scales. This study aimed to evaluate the heavy metal content of dust-fall particles in the cities of Sanandaj, Khorramabad and Andimeshk in western Iran. Sampling the dust-fall particles was conducted every 10 days from 20 June 2012 over one year simultaneously in these three stations using the Deposit Gauge Method and the concentration of metals was measured using Flame Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Fe and Mn and Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for Zn, Cu, As, Ag, Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni . Pollution levels for the heavy metals were then evaluated using the Geo-Accumulation Index (Igeo) and Index Enrichment Factor (EF). The results obtained for the Igeo index and EF index demonstrated that levels of Ag and Cu pollution among the dust-fall particles from the three stations were higher than for other heavy metals, while concentrations of other heavy metals were not evaluated as contaminant. Although the mean of dust-fall particles on area unit in Sanandaj station was less than Khorramabad and Andimeshk, heavy metal concentrations among the sampled dust-fall particles was relatively higher. The highest amount of dust falling on a unit area was obtained from Andimesh station, more than at the Khorramabad station and, lastly, the Sanandaj station. Moreover, the maximum and minimum levels of dustfall descending on the three stations were obtained in May and January respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dust Fall Particles
  • Accumulation Index
  • Enrichment Factor Index
  • Heavy Metals
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