عاملهای تاثیرگذار بر جلب مشارکت دانشجویان مراکز آموزش عالی کشور در امر تفکیک پسماندهای شهری از مبدأ – مورد مطالعه: پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، تهران، ایران

2 گروه عمران، دانشکده فنی و مهندسی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

چکیده

سابقه و هدف:
تشویق دانشجویان به عنوان سفیران محیط‌ زیست در منازل، به مشارکت در جداسازی اجزای قابل بازیافت پسماند تولیدی از مبدأ، می‌تواند دورنمایی روشنی را برای مدیریت صحیح پسماندها در آینده کشور ترسیم کند. عمده پژوهش­ های پیشین در زمینه شناخت عامل­ های مؤثر بر جلب مشارکت عمومی در تفکیک زایده ­ها و میزان تاثیرگذاری آن­ها، معطوف به منطقه­ های شهری (و نه محیط‌های آموزشی همچون دانشگاه‌ها) بوده و بیشتر، آثار برهم کنش عامل­ های مختلف در نتایج، مورد بررسی قرار نگرفته است. بر این اساس، در تحقیق حاضر میزان آگاهی، نوع نگرش و شیوه‌های افزایش سطح مشارکت دانشجویان در اجرای طرح تفکیک از مبدأ، با انتخاب پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه بعنوان مورد مطالعه، بررسی شده است.
مواد و روش‌ها:
تعداد 113 پرسشنامه شامل 11 سوال چند بخشی، بصورت تصادفی ساده بین دانشجویان توزیع شد (مصاحبه حضوری) و نتایج توسط نرم افزارSPSS  تحلیل شدند. روایی پرسشنامه توسط اعتبار صوری و پایایی آن براساس ضریب آلفای کرونباخ کل(841/0) ارزیابی گردید. داده‌ها در دو سطح توصیفی و استنباطی مورد تجزیه و تحلیل قرار گرفت. در سطح توصیفی از جدول­ های توزیع فراوانی استفاده شده است و در سطح استنباطی توسط آزمون کای دو پیرسون، رابطه بین متغیرهای هر فرضیه به ­دست آمد. ضرایب کرامر و همخوانی کندال، جهت سنجش وجود رابطه بین متغیرها و جدول­های آزمون من-ویتنی، به ­منظور تعیین شدت همبستگی، محاسبه شدند.
نتایج و بحث:
نتایج آزمون فرضیه‌ها نشان داد که سطح آگاهی و جنسیت در مشارکت دانشجویان نقش بسزایی دارد. از سوی دیگر، بدلیل قرار گرفتن افراد در بازه سنی محدود و بالاتر بودن سطح تحصیلات ایشان از متوسط جامعه، این عامل­ ها اثرگذاری چندانی بر رفتار مسئولانه ‌محیط زیستی دانشگاهیان نخواهد داشت. ترجیح روش‌های آموزشی نظیر برپایی نمایشگاه محصول­ های بازیافتی توسط مصاحبه‌شوندگان و تاثیرپذیر نبودن مشارکت از آموزش چهره به چهره، نشانگر تمایل دانشجویان به کسب آموزش از طریق شیوه‌های نوین آموزشی می‌باشد. مصاحبه‌شوندگان اطمینان از بازگشت درآمد حاصل به امور رفاهی را مهم ترین عامل در افزایش مشارکت دانسته‌اند. به بیان دیگر، بدلیل نوپا بودن اقدام­ های ‌محیط زیستی و تجربه اندک کنشگرهای اجتماعی، مشارکت افراد در تفکیک از مبدأ زایدات بدون تأمین انتظار­های مادی، قابل انتظار نخواهد بود.
نتیجه‌گیری:
نتایج نشان می‌دهد که بیشتر دانشجویان پردیس نازلوی دانشگاه ارومیه تمایل به مشارکت در تفکیک زایدات از مبدأ داشته(با نمره عالی 56/7 از 9) ولی بـه دلیـل نبود آگـاهی کافی در این زمینه(با نمره متوسط 54/4 از 9) و نداشتن برنامه‌ریزی مرتبط با موضوع در بخش خدمات دانشگاه(با نمره بسیار ضعیف 96/1 از 9)، همچنین اطلاع‌رسانی ناکافی و کمبود آموزش‌های بیان شده از سوی مجموعه مدیریتی دانشگاه(با نمره ضعیف 71/2 از 9)، تفکیـک در مبـدا بطـور اصولی انجام نمی‌شود. بدلیل ارزیابی ضعیف عملکرد مسئولان خدماتی دانشگاه در زمینه اطلاع‌رسانی و آموزش تفکیک از مبدأ و نیز مشاهده نکردن نشانه‌هایی مبنی بر جدی بودن ایشان در این راستا در آینده، اعتماد دانشجویان به نهاد دانشگاه، به ­نسبت اندک بوده و این امر تأثیر درخور توجهی در مشارکت ایشان در طرح خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Factors affecting the participation rate of higher-education students in domestic solid waste segregation (case study: Nazloo Campus of Urmia University)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Vahid Eskandari 1
  • Mehdi Ghanbarzadeh Lak 2
1 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran
2 Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Urmia University, Urmia , Iran
چکیده [English]

Introduction:
Encouraging higher-education students, as ambassadors of environmental activities within their homes, to increase their participation in waste segregation of recyclables, can provide a clear perspective for the proper management of wastes in the country. Most of the previous studies on identifying the factors affecting public participation rate in the segregation of wastes have focused on urban areas (and not on educational environments such as universities), and the effects of the interaction of various factors on the results have not been considered. Accordingly, in this research, the level of knowledge, type of attitude, and methods of increasing the participation rate of students in waste segregation have been investigated in the Nazlou campus of Urmia University.
Material and methods:
A total of 113 questionnaires containing 11 multi-part questions were randomly distributed among the students (face to face interview) and the results were analyzed by SPSS software. The validity of the mentioned questionnaire was assessed by the face validity technique and its reliability was evaluated based on Cronbach's Alpha Coefficient (i.e., 0.884). For descriptive purposes, frequency distribution tables were used. For inferential purposes, the relationship between the variables of each hypothesis was obtained by Chi-square test. Furthermore, using Kramer's and Kendal's coefficient of correlation, the relationship between independent and dependent variables was assessed. Using Mann-Whitney test tables, the severity of the correlation coefficients were determined separately.
Results and discussion:
The test results of the hypotheses showed that factors including knowledge level and gender of interviewees play a significant role in the student’s participation. On the other hand, due to the limited age range of the target population and their high level of education, these factors didn’t have much impact on the responsible behavior of the academics. Preferring educational methods such as organizing exhibitions on recyclable products by interviewees, and no impact of face-to-face education, indicated that they are willing to acquire related information through new educational methods. Interviewees asserted that being certain about the expenditure of project revenues on students’ welfare affairs is the main factor in the increase in their participation rate. In other words, because environmental measures are newly developed and social activists have limited experiences, the participation of individuals in waste segregation activities without fulfilling their financial expectations is not feasible.
Conclusion:
The results of the current study indicated that most students of Nazloo Campus of Urmia University were willing to participate in domestic waste segregation (with a score of 7.56 out of 9). Unfortunately, due to their inadequate knowledge about the subject (with a score of 4.54), and lack of associated executive programs in the university (with a score of 1.96), as well as the lack of training programs provided by the university (with a score of 2.71), the waste segregation was not implemented properly. Due to the poor evaluation of the university staff’s performance in the field of providing waste segregation educations, the students had no trust in the university and this fact had a significant effect on their participation in the plan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Domestic solid waste
  • Waste segregation
  • participation
  • Higher educational centers
  • Nazloo Campus of Urmia University

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